The American College of Academic International Medicine 2017 Consensus Statement on International Medical Programs: Establishing a system of objective valuation and quantitative metrics to facilitate the recognition and incorporation of academic international medical efforts into existing promotion and tenure paradigms.

The growth of academic international medicine (AIM) as a distinct field of expertise resulted in increasing participation by individual and institutional actors from both high-income and low-and-middle-income countries. This trend resulted in the gradual evolution of international medical programs (IMPs). With the growing number of students, residents, and educators who gravitate toward nontraditional forms of academic contribution, the need arose for a system of formalized metrics and quantitative assessment of AIM- and IMP-related efforts.

A Comprehensive Framework for International Medical Programs: A 2017 consensus statement from the American College of Academic International Medicine.

The American College of Academic International Medicine (ACAIM) represents a group of clinicians who seek to promote clinical, educational, and scientific collaboration in the area of Academic International Medicine (AIM) to address health care disparities and improve patient care and outcomes globally. Significant health care delivery and quality gaps persist between high-income countries (HICs) and low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). International Medical Programs (IMPs) are an important mechanism for addressing these inequalities.

The Ebola Outbreak of 2014-2015: From Coordinated Multilateral Action to Effective Disease Containment, Vaccine Development, and Beyond.

The Ebola outbreak of 2014-2015 exacted a terrible toll on major countries of West Africa. Latest estimates from the World Health Organization indicate that over 11,000 lives were lost to the deadly virus since the first documented case was officially recorded. However, significant progress in the fight against Ebola was made thanks to a combination of globally-supported containment efforts, dissemination of key information to the public, the use of modern information technology resources to better track the spread of the outbreak, as well as more effective use of active surveillance, targeted travel restrictions, and quarantine procedures.

An overview of complications associated with open and percutaneous tracheostomy procedures.

Tracheostomy, whether open or percutaneous, is a commonly performed procedure and is intended to provide long-term surgical airway for patients who are dependent on mechanical ventilatory support or require (for various reasons) an alternative airway conduit. Due to its invasive and physiologically critical nature, tracheostomy placement can be associated with significant morbidity and even mortality. This article provides a comprehensive overview of commonly encountered complications that may occur during and after the tracheal airway placement, including both short- and long-term postoperative morbidity.

The emergence of ebola as a global health security threat: from 'lessons learned' to coordinated multilateral containment efforts.

First reported in remote villages of Africa in the 1970s, the Ebolavirus was originally believed to be transmitted to people from wild animals. Ebolavirus (EBOV) causes a severe, frequently fatal hemorrhagic syndrome in humans. Each outbreak of the Ebolavirus over the last three decades has perpetuated fear and economic turmoil among the local and regional populations in Africa.

Haitian earthquake relief: disaster response aboard the USNS comfort.

Objective: The Haitian earthquake of January 12, 2010, was a disaster essentially unprecedented in the Western Hemisphere's recorded history. The USNS Comfort departed from Baltimore, Maryland, within 72 hours of the earthquake and arrived in Port-au-Prince harbor on January 19. During the subsequent 40 days, the ship provided one of the largest relief efforts in the US Navy's history.

Three phases of disaster relief in Haiti--pediatric surgical care on board the United States Naval Ship Comfort.

Background: On January 12, 2010, Haiti experienced the western hemisphere's worst-ever natural disaster. Within 24 hours, the United States Naval Ship Comfort received orders to respond, and a group of more than 500 physicians, nurses, and staff undertook the largest and most rapid triage and treatment since the inception of hospital ships.

Methods: These data represent pediatric surgical patients treated aboard the United States Naval Ship Comfort between January 19 and February 27, 2010.

Temporary vascular shunts as initial treatment of proximal extremity vascular injuries during combat operations: the new standard of care at Echelon II facilities?

Background: Historically, penetrating injuries to the extremities account for up to 75% of wounds sustained during combat and 10% of deaths. Rapid vascular control and perfusion of injured extremities at forward deployed Echelon II surgical facilities is essential to limit loss of life and maximize limb preservation. We review our experience with the management of extremity vascular trauma and report the largest single Echelon II experience to date on temporary vascular shunting (TVS) for proximal extremity vascular injuries.

Incidence and natural history of below-knee deep venous thrombosis in high-risk trauma patients.

Background: Venous thromboembolic disease remains a difficult problem in the trauma patient population. The purpose of this study was to delineate the incidence and natural history of below-knee deep venous thrombosis (BKDVT) in high-risk trauma patients.

Methods: Patients were stratified into risk categories (low, high, or very high) for deep venous thrombosis on the basis of an institutional practice management guideline and known risk factors.

Nonoperative management of blunt extrahepatic biliary duct transection in the pediatric patient: case report and review of the literature.

An 11-year-old boy sustained a grade IV liver injury and complete disruption of the left hepatic duct (LHD) secondary to a sledding accident. Although he became hemodynamically stable after initial resuscitation in the emergency department and the intensive care unit (ICU), serial paracentesis procedures were necessary to manage abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). The fluid initially was serosanguinous but subsequently became bile stained.