Overexpression and knockdown of cotton gene reveals its drought and salt stress tolerance role.

The 5'-deoxyadenosine deaminase (DADD), a member of the amidohydrolase family regulates biological purine metabolism. In this study, bioinformatic analysis, overexpression and knockdown of gene were detected to identify its potential role in drought and salt stress tolerance. The results revealed that was induced by ABA, Auxin, MBS and light responsive elements.

Comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 detection methods using stool, blood, and nasopharyngeal swab samples.

Introduction: as a public health policy, the ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination drives require continuous tracking, tracing, and testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnostic testing is important in virus detection and understanding its spread for timely intervention. This is especially important for low-income settings where the majority of the population remains untested.

High seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals amidst vaccination roll-out in western Kenya.

The population's antibody response is a key factor in comprehending SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. This is especially important in African settings where COVID-19 impact, and vaccination rates are relatively low. This study aimed at characterizing the Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in both SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals in Kisumu and Siaya counties in western Kenya using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays.

Transcriptomics for Drought Stress Mediated by Biological Processes in-relation to Key Regulated Pathways in Gossypium darwinii.

Background: Wild cotton Gossypium darwinii, an allotetraploid harbours important traits useful for tolerating abiotic stress, i.e., drought, salt and good genetic stability, hence these characteristics can be transferred to cultivated cotton for genetic improvement.

Late embryogenesis abundant gene LEA3 (Gh_A08G0694) enhances drought and salt stress tolerance in cotton.

Plants have evolved a complex and organized response to abiotic stress that involves physiological and metabolic reprogramming, transcription control, epigenetic regulation, and expressions of thousand interacting genes for instance the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are expressed in multiple environmental variables during the plant developmental period, and thus play critical role in enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance. A comprehensive molecular and functional characterization of the LEA3 gene was carried out in cotton under abiotic stress conditions in order to elucidate their functions. Seventy eight genes were identified in cotton, and were clustered into six clades moreover; the LEA genes were more upregulated in the tissues of the tetraploid cotton compared to the diploid type.

Functional Characterization of Cotton C-Repeat Binding Factor Genes Reveal Their Potential Role in Cold Stress Tolerance.

Low temperature is a common biological abiotic stress in major cotton-growing areas. Cold stress significantly affects the growth, yield, and yield quality of cotton. Therefore, it is important to develop more robust and cold stress-resilient cotton germplasms.

Functional Characterization of Gene Reveals Its Significant Role in Enhancing Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Cotton.

The acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 (ACX3) gene involved in the β-oxidation pathway plays a critical role in plant growth and development as well as stress response. Earlier on, studies focused primarily on the role of β-oxidation limited to fatty acid breakdown. However, ACX3 peroxisomal β-oxidation pathways result in a downstream cascade of events that act as a transduction of biochemical and physiological responses to stress.

Identification and functional characterization of Gh_D01G0514 (GhNAC072) transcription factor in response to drought stress tolerance in cotton.

Cotton encounters long-term drought stress problems resulting in major yield losses. Transcription factors (TFs) plays an important role in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The coexpression patterns of gene networks associated with drought stress tolerance were investigated using transcriptome profiles.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of a new cytoplasmic male sterile line with a wild Gossypium bickii genetic background.

Background: Cotton is an important fiber crop but has serious heterosis effects, and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the major cause of heterosis in plants. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated CMS Yamian A in cotton with the genetic background of Australian wild Gossypium bickii. Conjoint transcriptomic and proteomic analysis was first performed between Yamian A and its maintainer Yamian B.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals evolutionary divergence and shared network of cold and salt stress response in diploid D-genome cotton.

Background: Wild species of cotton are excellent resistance to abiotic stress. Diploid D-genome cotton showed abundant phenotypic diversity and was the putative donor species of allotetraploid cotton which produce the largest textile natural fiber.

Results: A total of 41,053 genes were expressed in all samples by mapping RNA-seq Illumina reads of G.

Identification of a genome-specific repetitive element in the D genome.

The activity of genome-specific repetitive sequences is the main cause of genome variation between A and D genomes. Through comparative analysis of the two genomes, we retrieved a repetitive element termed motif, which appears frequently in the diploid (D) genome but rarely in the diploid (A) genome. We further explored the existence of the motif in chromosomes of , , and two tetraploid (AADD) cotton species, and , by fluorescence hybridization (FISH), and observed that the motif exists in the D and D-subgenomes but not in the A and A-subgenomes.

Genetic regulatory networks for salt-alkali stress in Gossypium hirsutum with differing morphological characteristics.

Background: Cotton grows in altering environments that are often unfavorable or stressful for its growth and development. Consequently, the plant must cope with abiotic stresses such as soil salinity, drought, and excessive temperatures. Alkali-salt stress response remains a cumbersome biological process and is regulated via a multifaceted transcriptional regulatory network in cotton.

Comparative transcriptome, physiological and biochemical analyses reveal response mechanism mediated by and in enhancing cold stress tolerance in .

Low temperature is one of the key environmental stresses that impair plant growth and significantly restricts the productivity and spatial distribution of crop plants. , a wild diploid cotton species, has adapted to a wide range of temperatures and exhibits a better tolerance to chilling stress. Here, we compared phenotypes and physiochemical changes in under cold stress and found this species indeed showed better cold tolerance.

Knockdown of Gh_A05G1554 (GhDHN_03) and Gh_D05G1729 (GhDHN_04) Dehydrin genes, Reveals their potential role in enhancing osmotic and salt tolerance in cotton.

In this investigation, whole-genome identification and functional characterization of the cotton dehydrin genes was carried out. A total of 16, 7, and 7 dehydrin proteins were identified in G. hirsutum, G.

Knockdown of and Proteins in Cotton Inhibits Root Growth and Increases Sensitivity to Drought and Salt Stresses.

We found 33, 17, and 20 genes in , , and , respectively. The Alba protein lengths ranged from 62 to 312 aa, the molecular weight (MW) from 7.003 to 34.

Map-Based Functional Analysis of the Genes Reveals Their Roles in Enhancing Tolerance to N-Deficiency in Cotton.

Nitrogen is a key macronutrient needed by plants to boost their production, but the development of cotton genotypes through conventional approaches has hit a bottleneck due to the narrow genetic base of the elite cotton cultivars, due to intensive selection and inbreeding. Based on our previous research, in which the BCF generations developed from two upland cotton genotypes, an abiotic stress-tolerant genotype, (donor parent) and a highly-susceptible, and a highly-susceptible, but very productive, (recurrent parent), were profiled under drought stress conditions. The phenotypic and the genotypic data generated through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) were integrated to map drought-tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTLs).

Knockdown of GhIQD31 and GhIQD32 increases drought and salt stress sensitivity in Gossypium hirsutum.

Drought, salinity and cold stresses have a major impact on cotton production, thus identification and utilization of plant genes vital for plant improvement Whole-genome identification and functional characterizations of the IQ67-domain (IQD) protein family was carried out in which 148, 77, and 79 IQD genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum, G. raimondii, and G. arboreum.

Genome-wide analysis of the cotton G-coupled receptor proteins (GPCR) and functional analysis of GTOM1, a novel cotton GPCR gene under drought and cold stress.

Background: The efficient detection and initiation of appropriate response to abiotic stresses are important to plants survival. The plant G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are diverse membranous proteins that are responsible for signal transduction.

Results: In this research work, we identified a novel gene of the GPCR domain, transformed and carried out the functional analysis in Arabidopsis under drought and cold stresses.

Functional characterization of Gh_A08G1120 (GH3.5) gene reveal their significant role in enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance in cotton.

Background: Auxins play an important role in plant growth and development; the auxins responsive gene; auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA), small auxin-up RNAs (SAUR) and Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) control their mechanisms. The GH3 genes function in homeostasis by the catalytic activities in auxin conjugation and bounding free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to amino acids.

Results: In our study, we identified the GH3 genes in three cotton species; Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, analyzed their chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, cis-regulatory element function and performed virus induced gene silencing of the novel Gh_A08G1120 (GH3.

Deep Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Network Evolution, Response to Abiotic Stress, and Regulation of Fiber Development in Cotton.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important molecules in the plant, which are involved in many biological processes, including fiber development and adaptation to abiotic stress in cotton. We carried out transcription analysis to determine the evolution of the ROS genes and analyzed their expression levels in various tissues of cotton plant under abiotic stress conditions. There were 515, 260, and 261 genes of ROS network that were identified in (AD₁ genome), (A genome), and (D genome), respectively.

Overexpression of Cotton a Gene Enhances Drought, Salt, and Cold Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis.

Abiotic stresses have negative effects on plants growth and development. Plants, being sessile, have developed specific adaptive strategies that allow them to rapidly detect and respond to abiotic stress factors. The detoxification efflux carriers (DTX)/multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters are of significance in the translocation of abscisic acid (ABA), a phytohormone with profound role in plants under various abiotic stress conditions.

Knockdown of Cytochrome P450 Genes and on Chromosomes D07 and A13 Reveals Their Putative Role in Enhancing Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in .

We identified 672, 374, and 379 proteins encoded by the genes in , and , respectively. The genes were found to be distributed in all 26 chromosomes of the tetraploid cotton, with chrA05, chrA12, and their homeolog chromosomes harboring the highest number of genes. The physiochemical properties of the proteins encoded by the genes varied in terms of their protein lengths, molecular weight, isoelectric points (pI), and even grand hydropathy values (GRAVY).

RNA-Sequencing, Physiological and RNAi Analyses Provide Insights into the Response Mechanism of the -Mediated Resistance to Infection in Cotton.

wilt that is caused by does result in massive annual yield losses and fiber quality decline in cotton. Control by conventional mechanisms is not possible due to a wide host range and the longevity of dormant fungi in the soil in the case of absence of a suitable host. Plants have developed various mechanisms to boost their immunity against various diseases, and one is through the induction of various genes.

Genome wide identification of the trihelix transcription factors and overexpression of Gh_A05G2067 (GT-2), a novel gene contributing to increased drought and salt stresses tolerance in cotton.

We identified 102, 51 and 51 proteins encoded by the trihelix genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, respectively. RNA sequence data and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that Gh_A05G2067 (GT-2) was highly upregulated under drought and salt stress conditions. Transient expression of GT-2-green fluorescent protein fusion protein in protoplast showed that GT-2 was localized in the nucleus.

SSR-Linkage map of interspecific populations derived from Gossypium trilobum and Gossypium thurberi and determination of genes harbored within the segregating distortion regions.

Wild cotton species have significant agronomic traits that can be introgressed into elite cultivated varieties. The use of a genetic map is important in exploring, identification and mining genes which carry significant traits. In this study, 188 F2mapping individuals were developed from Gossypium thurberi (female) and Gossypium trilobum (male), and were genotyped by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.