Looped quality improvement project of consent forms in patients admitted with hip fracture.

Introduction: Neck of femur (NOF) fractures constitute a significant proportion of the workload of orthopaedic departments, with approximately 65 000 admissions across the UK annually. There are various surgical procedures available to repair NOF fractures and each is associated with numerous intraoperative and perioperative risks. Informed consent is an essential part of the workup when planning to undertake any surgical procedure, whereby the risks and benefits of surgery are discussed with the patient, so they are able to make decisions about their care.

Impact of exposure to malaria and nutritional status on responses to the experimental malaria vaccine ChAd63 MVA ME-TRAP in 5-17 month-old children in Burkina Faso.

Unlabelled: The experimental malaria vaccine ChAd63 MVA ME-TRAP previously showed protective efficacy against infection in Phase IIa sporozoite challenge studies in adults in the United Kingdom and in a Phase IIb field efficacy trial in Kenyan adults. However, it failed to demonstrate efficacy in a phase IIb trial in 5-17 month-old children in an area of high malaria transmission in Burkina Faso. This secondary analysis investigated whether exposure to malaria or nutritional status might be associated with reduced responses to vaccination in this cohort.

Deep Immune Phenotyping and Single-Cell Transcriptomics Allow Identification of Circulating TRM-Like Cells Which Correlate With Liver-Stage Immunity and Vaccine-Induced Protection From Malaria.

Protection from liver-stage malaria requires high numbers of CD8+ T cells to find and kill -infected cells. A new malaria vaccine strategy, prime-target vaccination, involves sequential viral-vectored vaccination by intramuscular and intravenous routes to target cellular immunity to the liver. Liver tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells have been shown to be necessary and sufficient for protection against rodent malaria by this vaccine regimen.

T cell and antibody responses induced by a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in a phase 1/2 clinical trial.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a global pandemic, and safe, effective vaccines are urgently needed. Strong, Th1-skewed T cell responses can drive protective humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and might reduce the potential for disease enhancement. Cytotoxic T cells clear virus-infected host cells and contribute to control of infection.

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Heterologous Prime-Boost Ebola Virus Vaccine Regimen in Healthy Adults in the United Kingdom and Senegal.

Background: The 2014 West African outbreak of Ebola virus disease highlighted the urgent need to develop an effective Ebola vaccine.

Methods: We undertook 2 phase 1 studies assessing safety and immunogenicity of the viral vector modified vaccinia Ankara virus vectored Ebola Zaire vaccine (MVA-EBO-Z), manufactured rapidly on a new duck cell line either alone or in a heterologous prime-boost regimen with recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 vectored Ebola Zaire vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) followed by MVA-EBO-Z. Adult volunteers in the United Kingdom (n = 38) and Senegal (n = 40) were vaccinated and an accelerated 1-week prime-boost regimen was assessed in Senegal.

Activation-induced Markers Detect Vaccine-Specific CD4⁺ T Cell Responses Not Measured by Assays Conventionally Used in Clinical Trials.

Immunogenicity of T cell-inducing vaccines, such as viral vectors or DNA vaccines and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), are frequently assessed by cytokine-based approaches. While these are sensitive methods that have shown correlates of protection in various vaccine studies, they only identify a small proportion of the vaccine-specific T cell response. Responses to vaccination are likely to be heterogeneous, particularly when comparing prime and boost or assessing vaccine performance across diverse populations.

Examining human paragonimiasis as a differential diagnosis to tuberculosis in The Gambia.

Objective: Paragonimiasis is a foodborne trematode infection of the lungs caused by Paragonimus spp., presenting clinically with similar symptoms to active tuberculosis (TB). Worldwide, an estimated 20.

Detecting Malaria Hotspots: A Comparison of Rapid Diagnostic Test, Microscopy, and Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Background: Malaria control strategies need to respond to geographical hotspots of transmission. Detection of hotspots depends on the sensitivity of the diagnostic tool used.

Methods: We conducted cross-sectional surveys in 3 sites within Kilifi County, Kenya, that had variable transmission intensities.