Retrospective Evaluation of C-reactive Protein for Ruling Out Infection After Cesarean Section.

Introduction: Infection after cesarean section is a major contributor to maternal morbidity. Measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) is a laboratory test frequently conducted to rule out or confirm postoperative infection. The present study aimed to evaluate whether CRP is a suitable tool for ruling out infection after cesarean section and whether there are any reliable cut-off values.

Generative learning activities for online multimedia learning: when summarizing is effective but drawing is not.

Introduction: The goal of this study is to determine whether two commonly used generative learning activities for text-based lessons-writing a summary or creating a drawing-help students learn from a multimedia lesson involving animations with short text captions without prior training in the generative activities.

Methods: Students viewed a series of four annotated animations on greenhouse gases. During pauses between the animations, students were asked to generate a written summary, to create a drawing, or to do both, whereas a control group viewed the lesson without any generative learning activities.

Onscreen presence of instructors in video lectures affects learners' neural synchrony and visual attention during multimedia learning.

COVID-19 forced students to rely on online learning using multimedia tools, and multimedia learning continues to impact education beyond the pandemic. In this study, we combined behavioral, eye-tracking, and neuroimaging paradigms to identify multimedia learning processes and outcomes. College students viewed four video lectures including slides with either an onscreen human instructor, an animated instructor, or no onscreen instructor.

Increasing the realism of on-screen embodied instructors creates more looking but less learning.

Background: Although adding embodied instructors on the screen is considered an effective way to improve online multimedia learning, its effectiveness is still controversial. The level of realism of embodied on-screen instructors may be an influencing factor, but it is unclear how it affects multimedia learning.

Aims: We explored whether and how embodied on-screen instructors rendered with different levels of realism in multimedia lessons affect learning process and learning outcomes.

Benefits of Taking a Virtual Field Trip in Immersive Virtual Reality: Evidence for the Immersion Principle in Multimedia Learning.

This study describes and investigates the immersion principle in multimedia learning. A sample of 102 middle school students took a virtual field trip to Greenland via a head mounted display (HMD) or a 2D video as an introductory lesson within a 6-lesson inquiry-based climate change intervention. The HMD group scored significantly higher than the video group on presence ( = 1.

The positivity principle: do positive instructors improve learning from video lectures?

The positivity principle states that people learn better from instructors who display positive emotions rather than negative emotions. In two experiments, students viewed a short video lecture on a statistics topic in which an instructor stood next to a series of slides as she lectured and then they took either an immediate test (Experiment 1) or a delayed test (Experiment 2). In a between-subjects design, students saw an instructor who used her voice, body movement, gesture, facial expression, and eye gaze to display one of four emotions while lecturing: happy (positive/active), content (positive/passive), frustrated (negative/active), or bored (negative/passive).

Busting myths in online education: Faculty examples from the field.

The shift in learning environments due to the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates a closer look at course design, faculty approaches to teaching, and student interaction, all of which may predict learner achievement and satisfaction. Transitioning to an online environment requires the reinvention, reimagining, and applying of "e-flavors" of general learning theory. With this shift to online learning comes the opportunity for misunderstandings and "myths" to occur, which may stand in the way of faculty embracing online learning and fully realizing its potential.

Benefits of Writing an Explanation During Pauses in Multimedia Lessons.

Generative learning theory posits that learners engage more deeply and produce better learning outcomes when they engage in selecting, organizing, and integrating processes during learning. The present experiments examine whether the generative learning activity of generating explanations can be extended to online multimedia lessons and whether prompts to engage in this generative learning activity work better than more passive instruction. Across three experiments, college students learned about greenhouse gasses from a 4-part online lesson involving captioned animations and subsequently took a posttest.

Retrospective evaluation of attempted vaginal deliveries in dichorionic twin pregnancies.

Purpose: Numbers of planned cesarean deliveries are increasing in twin pregnancies, despite the lack of evidence for this approach, and the second twin is thought to be at risk for a poorer outcome. The aim of this study was to examine whether twins have a poorer outcome if an attempted vaginal delivery is changed to a cesarean section or combined delivery.

Methods: This retrospective data analysis included all women with dichorionic twin pregnancies attempting vaginal delivery over a 10-year period.

Better together: Effects of four self-efficacy-building strategies on online statistical learning.

The goal of this study is to test the individual and combined effects of supplementing an online statistics lesson with four motivational strategies corresponding to Bandura's (1997) four sources of self-efficacy (anxiety coping, modeling, mental practice, and effort feedback) on cognitive, motivational, and affective outcomes. Internet participants ( = 279) completed an online statistics module in one of six conditions with one or all four self-efficacy-building strategies (5 treatment conditions) or none of these strategies (control condition). The results indicated that the four strategies worked effectively in combination, significantly improving transfer test scores ( = 0.

Retrospective evaluation of established cut-off values for the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for predicting imminent delivery in preeclampsia patients.

Objective: The outcome of preeclampsia is difficult to predict. Laboratory markers such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are thought to be predictive factors. A 2012 study by Verlohren et al.

Time-lapse imaging of cytoplasmic strings at the blastocyst stage suggests their association with spontaneous blastocoel collapse.

Research Question: To study the origin and temporal behaviour of cytoplasmic strings spanning the blastocoel (main objective) and their influence on treatment outcome (secondary objective).

Design: This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was set up in a university medical centre. Patients who either underwent fresh (n = 95) or vitrified-warmed (n = 55) single blastocyst transfer were included.

Does the Porter formula hold its promise? A weight estimation formula for macrosomic fetuses put to the test.

Purpose: Estimating fetal weight using ultrasound measurements is an essential task in obstetrics departments. Most of the commonly used weight estimation formulas underestimate fetal weight when the actual birthweight exceeds 4000 g. Porter et al.

Postpartum Galactostasis of the Vulva in a Case of Bilateral Lactating Ectopic Breast Tissue.

Background: In the general population, the incidence of accessory breast tissue, a congenital malformation, is 1-5%. The most common site is the lower axilla. Detecting such tissue may be problematic, and accessory breasts below the umbilicus are extremely rare.

Equivalence of using a desktop virtual reality science simulation at home and in class.

The use of virtual laboratories is growing as companies and educational institutions try to expand their reach, cut costs, increase student understanding, and provide more accessible hands on training for future scientists. Many new higher education initiatives outsource lab activities so students now perform them online in a virtual environment rather than in a classroom setting, thereby saving time and money while increasing accessibility. In this paper we explored whether the learning and motivational outcomes of interacting with a desktop virtual reality (VR) science lab simulation on the internet at home are equivalent to interacting with the same simulation in class with teacher supervision.

The participation rate of migrant women in gestational diabetes screening in Austria: a retrospective analysis of 3293 births.

Purpose: This study evaluated the extent to which migrant women participate in the mandatory oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening in Austria.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis was carried out of births at an obstetrics unit in a university hospital between January 2013 and December 2015. The inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies, live births, birth weight ≥ 3500, and no preexisting diabetes mellitus.

The Role of Endometrial Volume and Endometrial and Subendometrial Vascularization Parameters in a Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycle.

The role of three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography of the endometrium in assisted reproduction is still far from clear. In this retrospective cohort study, transvaginal three-dimensional power Doppler examinations were performed 30 min before frozen-thawed embryo transfer. After pregnancy tests, two cohorts were established: P (pregnant, n = 31) and NP (nonpregnant, n = 31).

Disadvantages of a weight estimation formula for macrosomic fetuses: the Hart formula from a clinical perspective.

Purpose: Sonographic fetal weight (FW) estimation to detect macrosomic fetuses is an essential part of everyday routine work in obstetrics departments. Most of the commonly used weight estimation formulas underestimate FW when the actual birth weight (BW) exceeds 4000 g. One of the best-established weight estimation formulas is the Hadlock formula.

Computer Games in Education.

Visionaries offer strong claims for the educational benefits of computer games, but there is a need to test those claims with rigorous scientific research and ground them in evidence-based theories of how people learn. Three genres of game research are ( a) value-added research, which compares the learning outcomes of groups that learn academic material from playing a base version of a game to the outcomes of those playing the same game with one feature added; ( b) cognitive consequences research, which compares improvements in cognitive skills of groups that play an off-the-shelf game to the skill improvements of those who engage in a control activity; and ( c) media comparison research, which compares the learning outcomes of groups that learn academic material in a game to the outcomes of those who learn with conventional media. Value-added research suggests five promising features to include in educational computer games: modality, personalization, pretraining, coaching, and self-explanation.

Designing multimedia instruction in anatomy: An evidence-based approach.

This paper summarizes 10 research-based principles for how to design effective multimedia instruction in medical education involving anatomy. Clin. Anat.

Good-quality blastocysts derived from vacuolized morulas show reduced viability.

Objective: To study whether late spontaneous vacuolization on day 4 is an artefact or an alternate means of blastocele formation and to analyze its impact on pregnancy outcome and live birth.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Reference Ranges for Transvaginal Examined Fossa Posterior Structures in Fetuses from 45 to 84 mm Crown-Rump Length.

Objective: The study aimed to describe reference values for structures of the posterior fossa in fetuses with a crown-rump length (CRL) between 45 and 84 mm.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study including 216 normal appearing fetuses. In transvaginal acquired 3-dimensional volume blocks, the longest diameter of the vermis (VE), posterior membranous area (PMA), medulla-oblongata-pons angle (MOPA), diameters of the medulla oblongata (MO) and pons (PO), and the area of Blake's pouch (BP) were measured.

CORM-401 Reduces Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in an Ex Vivo Renal Porcine Model of the Donation After Circulatory Death.

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation protects organ by reducing inflammation and cell death during transplantation processes in animal model. However, using CO in clinical transplantation is difficult due to its delivery in a controlled manner. A manganese-containing CO releasing molecules (CORM)-401 has recently been synthesized which can efficiently deliver 3 molar equivalents of CO.

Meta-analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills.

The ubiquity of video games in today's society has led to significant interest in their impact on the brain and behavior and in the possibility of harnessing games for good. The present meta-analyses focus on one specific game genre that has been of particular interest to the scientific community-action video games, and cover the period 2000-2015. To assess the long-lasting impact of action video game play on various domains of cognition, we first consider cross-sectional studies that inform us about the cognitive profile of habitual action video game players, and document a positive average effect of about half a standard deviation (g = 0.

Time-lapse imaging provides further evidence that planar arrangement of blastomeres is highly abnormal.

Purpose: Recently, guidelines on the annotation of dynamic human embryo monitoring recommended screening for the presence of planar blastomere arrangement at the 4-cell stage. This observational study was set up in order to analyze whether developmental kinetics of planar human embryos are different from tetrahedral ones.

Methods: Therefore, embryos of 115 consecutive ICSI patients (showing 32 planar and 554 tetrahedral embryos) were cultured in a new time-lapse system (Miri TL) and their embryos were annotated for morphokinetic development and screened for irregular cleavages and morphological dysmorphisms.