Risk Factors and Modifiers for Cardiovascular Disease Assessment of Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia.

: The assessment of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) is determined by conventional risk factors. However, factors modifying CVD, or risk modifiers, beyond conventional risk factors may inform their CVD risk assessment and the subsequent use of new therapies. This work identifies and characterises patients within a lipid clinic cohort with regards to conventional CVD risk factors and risk modifiers with a focus on those with HeFH.

Double-Chambered Right Ventricle in Adulthood: A Case Series.

• DCRV is a rare cardiac anomaly leading to subvalvular RVOT obstruction. • DCRV is most frequently found in children but can occur in adults. • Adults with DCRV are often initially misdiagnosed.

The Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids in Sepsis (VICTAS) Protocol: a prospective, multi-center, double-blind, adaptive sample size, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

Background: Sepsis accounts for 30% to 50% of all in-hospital deaths in the United States. Other than antibiotics and source control, management strategies are largely supportive with fluid resuscitation and respiratory, renal, and circulatory support. Intravenous vitamin C in conjunction with thiamine and hydrocortisone has recently been suggested to improve outcomes in patients with sepsis in a single-center before-and-after study.

The role of antipsychotics in the management of behavioural symptoms in children and adolescents with autism.

Autistic disorder or autism is a serious childhood-onset disorder that affects all areas of development, particularly in the areas of language, communication and reciprocal social interaction. Patients with autistic disorder typically demonstrate repetitiveness and a restricted repertoire of behaviour. Additionally, they also have a number of disruptive symptoms that may be reduced by drug treatment, including severe tantrums, hyperactivity and lability.

Ziprasidone in adolescents with autism: an open-label pilot study.

Introduction: The antipsychotic drugs are the best-studied agents shown to reduce symptoms in autism, including hyperactivity, aggression, self-abusive behavior, temper tantrums, lability, irritability, social withdrawal, and stereotypical behaviors. However, significant weight gain has been associated with use of many atypical agents. Ziprasidone has been weight neutral in adult populations, but data from adolescents and patients with autism are sparse.

Consensus report on impulsive aggression as a symptom across diagnostic categories in child psychiatry: implications for medication studies.

Objective: To determine whether impulsive aggression (IA) is a meaningful clinical construct and to ascertain whether it is sufficiently similar across diagnostic categories, such that parallel studies across disorders might constitute appropriate evidence for pursuing indications. If so, how should IA be assessed, pharmacological studies designed, and ethical issues addressed?

Method: Experts from key stakeholder communities, including academic clinicians, researchers, practicing clinicians, U.S.

Impersistence of depression in youth: Implications for drug study design.

Food and Drug Administration data show that most anti-depressant studies in youth do not show drug effect. The few positive studies used rigorous diagnostic screening procedures, suggesting major depressive disorder (MDD) may not be a persistent condition in a subgroup of youth. To investigate persistence of MDD, we serially assessed a cohort of inpatients admitted to the hospital with a clinical diagnosis of MDD.

Juvenile maladaptive aggression: a review of prevention, treatment, and service configuration and a proposed research agenda.

Objective: To review prevention programs, psychosocial and psychopharmacologic treatments, and service delivery configurations for children and adolescents with maladaptive aggression. To propose a research agenda for disorders of aggression in child and adolescent psychiatry.

Data Sources: Recent empirical studies were reviewed using searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO (text terms: aggression, antisocial, violence, conduct, oppositional, psychosocial treatment, psychopharmacology, and prevention), relevant books, review articles, and bibliographies.

Advances in drug treatments for children and adolescents with autism and other pervasive developmental disorders.

Autism is a disorder characterised by abnormalities in language and social development, and repetitive behaviours. Antipsychotics, including haloperidol and risperidone, are the most widely studied drugs for reducing symptoms in children and adolescents with autism. When administered at relatively low dosages, antipsychotics have been shown to reduce repetitive behaviours (stereotypies) and social withdrawal, as well as a number of related symptoms, such as hyperactivity, aggression, self-abusive behaviour, temper tantrums, lability of mood and irritability.

Treatment recommendations for the use of antipsychotics for aggressive youth (TRAAY). Part II.

Objective: To develop treatment recommendations for the use of antipsychotic medications for children and adolescents with serious psychiatric disorders and externalizing behavior problems.

Method: Using a combination of evidence- and consensus-based methodologies, recommendations were developed in six phases as informed by three primary sources of information: (1) current scientific evidence (published and unpublished), (2) the expressed needs for treatment-relevant information and guidance specified by clinicians in a series of focus groups, and (3) consensus of clinical and research experts derived from a formal survey and a consensus workshop.

Results: Fourteen treatment recommendations on the use of atypical antipsychotics for aggression in youth with comorbid psychiatric conditions were developed.

Treatment recommendations for the use of antipsychotics for aggressive youth (TRAAY). Part I: a review.

Objectives: To review the evidence for the safety and efficacy of nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments for aggression in children and adolescents.

Method: and searches (1990-present) were conducted for double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of atypical antipsychotics for aggression and for literature on the use of other pharmacological agents and psychosocial interventions for aggression. Case reports and adult literature regarding the safety of atypical antipsychotics were used where controlled data for youth were lacking.

Risperidone treatment in children and adolescents with autism: short- and long-term safety and effectiveness.

Objective: Atypical neuroleptics, including risperidone, are used to treat children with autism, despite limited efficacy and safety data. Many clinicians believe that risperidone will not induce dyskinesias in children. The authors investigated open risperidone treatment in children with autism and included findings on dyskinesias.