Assessment of the Use of Telemedicine by Brazilian Otolaryngologists through an Online Questionnaire.

 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted a transformation in medical practice, including the adoption of telemedicine in Brazil and globally. Otorhinolaryngology, a field at high risk of viral transmission, has witnessed an increasing use of telemedicine tools. However, the extent and challenges of telemedicine in this field in Brazil are not well understood.

A proposal for analyzing the inflammatory and remodeling processes of mucosa in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis through MRI.

Objectives: Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis (CRSwNP) is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling process. The remodeling process in nasal polyps has mainly been studied by histology analysis. However, it is limited to a polyp fragment and requires tissue removal.

Olfaction and Quality of Life in Patients with Eosinophilic CRS Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

 Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease. This high prevalence leads to high direct and indirect public health costs, which include medical visits, laboratory tests and imaging, pharmacotherapy, hospitalizations, and surgical treatment. Furthermore, CRS has a substantial impact on patient quality of life, affecting productivity and being a common cause of absence from work CRS-associated olfactory dysfunction is highly prevalent, the actual effectiveness of surgical intervention remains inconsistent.

Endoscopic Study of Ethmoidal Canals in Cadavers, Including a Histological Analysis of Their Contents.

The advent of the endoscope has enabled the use of the endonasal approach for a variety of diseases. Studying the ethmoidal canals is important for surgeries of the paranasal sinuses and the anterior base of the skull. To investigate the ethmoidal canals and evaluate their structure, the presence of vessels and nerves, their location, and to perform an anatomopathological study of their contents.

Perivascular Innervation in the Nasal Mucosa and Clinical Findings in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Idiopathic Rhinitis.

 The nonspecific hyperreactivity of rhinitis has been attributed to neurotrophins activating sensory nerves and inflammatory cells. The relationship between these markers and the intensity of the symptoms is not well established and few studies have evaluated individuals with idiopathic rhinitis.  The present study aims to evaluate whether perivascular innervation and nerve growth factor (NGF) are related to the intensity of the clinical conditions in allergic rhinitis (AR) and idiopathic rhinitis (IR).

Outcomes of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

 Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited disease associated with impairment of mucociliary transport and, consequently, with a high incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis. For patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who remain symptomatic despite medical treatment, endoscopic sinus surgery is a safe and effective therapeutic option. However, to date, no studies have been found evaluating the effect of surgery on the quality of life associated with the effect on olfaction and nasal endoscopy findings of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia and chronic rhinosinusitis.

Differential Angiogenic Induction Impacts Nasal Polyp Tissue Growth.

In chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, inflammatory edema drives tissue remodeling favoring anomalous growth of the nasal mucosa, but a proangiogenic contribution of nasal polyp in support of tissue growth is still controversial. The chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryo model was employed to address the potentiality of nasal tissue fragments to modulate angiogenesis. Fifty-seven fertilized eggs were implanted with polyp or healthy nasal mucosa tissue or were kept as non-implanted controls.

High prevalence of olfactory dysfunction detected in treatment-naive patients with head and neck cancer.

Background: Previous studies demonstrated the difficulty of patients with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) in sensing food taste, a function in which olfaction has a significant role. However, neither study employed psychophysical tests or control groups to establish the veracity of such complaints.

Aims/objectives: In this study, we quantitatively tested the olfactory function of HNC individuals and compared their function to that of healthy controls.

Impact of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis on IL-12 and IL-8.

Introduction: The pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis is coordinated by distinct inflammatory reactions in different individuals. Inflammatory environments with a predominance of Th2 lymphocytes tend also to be rich in eosinophils. These environments are common during the formation of nasal polyps associated with aspirin intolerance, which is also marked by an increase in inflammatory mediators, especially IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.

Association of air pollution with olfactory identification performance of São Paulo residents: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Exposure to particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter (PM) has been implicated in pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of PM on olfaction has not been well established. We estimated individual acute and chronic PM exposure levels in a large Brazilian cohort and related them to the ability to identify odors.

Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Paranasal Sinuses in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

 Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare inherited disease that results in a malfunction of mucociliary clearance and sinonasal complaints. Aplasia/hypoplasia of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses has been described as more frequent in this population. However, to date, no studies have provided a detailed description of computed tomography findings in adult patients with a diagnosis of this condition.

Upper Airway Mucociliary Clearance is Impaired in Dyspneic COVID-19 Patients.

Covid-19 is transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets and as the upper airway mucosa is the first innate immune barrier, it is crucial to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on this system. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the nasal mucociliary clearance in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their symptom development. Observational cross-sectional study.

Olfaction in nasal polyp patients after Reboot surgery: an endotype-based prospective study.

Purpose: To report biomarkers present in the olfactory mucosa in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in comparison with nasal polyps and to nasal mucosal tissues from control patients. To evaluate the kinetics of smell over 6 months in patients who underwent Reboot surgery.

Methods: Cohort study from May 2021 to May 2022.

Chemosensory Dysfunction 3-Months After COVID-19, Medications and Factors Associated with Complete Recovery.

Objectives: To examine the longitudinal prevalence and recovery of olfactory, gustatory, and oral chemesthetic deficits in a sizable cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected persons using quantitative testing. To determine whether demographic and clinical factors, mainly the medications used after the COVID-19 diagnosis, influence the test measures.

Methods: Prospective cohort in a hospital with primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary care.

New Nasopharyngeal Flap for Posterior Skull-base Reconstruction: The Upper-Tongue Flap.

 Reconstructions of clival resection are still challenging, and additional reconstructive methods may be necessary to achieve full coverage of the skull-base defect in patients with middle- and lower-clivus disease.  To describe a new nasopharyngeal flap for the middle and lower clivus.  Using nasal endoscopy in a cadaver dissection, we demonstrated a new nasopharygeal flap to cover the lower and middle clival resection.

Reboot surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: recurrence and smell kinetics.

Objective: To evaluate the time for recovery of the sense of smell in patients with CRSwNP who underwent Reboot surgery compared to patients undergoing ESS in a long-term follow-up study.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from 168 patients with severe uncontrolled CRSwNP, who underwent revision surgery, either as Extended Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (Reboot, 140 patients) or as regular Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS, 28 patients) between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015, aiming to compare the outcome of surgeries after 2 years of follow-up. Sense of smell was scored as judged by the patient using scores 0 to 3 reflecting a percentage estimate of remaining smell.

Association between chemosensory impairment with neuropsychiatric morbidity in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: results from a multidisciplinary cohort study.

Preliminary methodologically limited studies suggested that taste and smell known as chemosensory impairments and neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated in post-COVID-19. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether chemosensory dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairments in a well-characterized post-COVID-19 sample. This is a cohort study assessing adult patients hospitalized due to moderate or severe forms of COVID-19 between March and August 2020.

The digital scent device as a new concept for olfactory assessment.

Background: There are major challenges in olfactory measurements in clinical practice; therefore, a handheld digital scent device (DSD; Noar MultiScent 20) was developed as a tablet with an integrated storage system for odors. The DSD is a self-administered, handheld device that controls the duration of odor release to the nasal cavity through a touchscreen digital interface with automatic database generation. In this study we aimed to determine the feasibility of this DSD as an olfactory assessment test.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on saliva: TNF-⍺, IL-6, IL-10, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgG, IgA, and IgM.

Objectives: Understanding the role of certain salivary components, such as TNF-⍺, IL-6, IL-10, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgG, IgA, and IgM, in airway defense during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is essential. The salivary immune barrier of patients with COVID-19 may play a role in their prognosis. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on saliva composition.

Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Tranexamic Acid in Bleeding during Adenotonsillectomy: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind Clinical Trial.

 Intra and postoperative bleeding are the most frequent and feared complications in adenotonsillectomy (AT). Tranexamic acid (TXA), which is known for its antifibrinolytic effects, has a proven benefit in reducing bleeding in hemorrhagic trauma and cardiac surgery; however, the effectiveness and timing of its application in AT have not yet been established.  We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TXA in controlling bleeding during and after AT and assess its possible adverse effects in children.

Biopsy of the olfactory epithelium from the superior nasal septum: is it possible to obtain neurons without damaging olfaction?

Introduction: Olfactory epithelium biopsy has been useful for studying diverse otorhinolaryngological and neurological diseases, including the potential to better understand the pathophysiology behind COVID-19 olfactory manifestations. However, the safety and efficacy of the technique for obtaining human olfactory epithelium are still not fully established.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of harvesting olfactory epithelium cells, nerve bundles, and olfactory epithelium proper for morphological analysis from the superior nasal septum.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Frontline Health Care Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil.

Upper respiratory viral infections can decrease the sense of smell either by inflammatory restriction of nasal airflow that carries the odorant molecules or through interference in olfactory sensory neuron function. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), worldwide reports of severe smell loss (anosmia/hyposmia) revealed a different type of olfactory dysfunction associated with respiratory virus infection. Since self-reported perception of smell is subjective and SARS-CoV-2 exposure is variable in the general population, we aimed to study a population that would be more homogeneously exposed to the virus.

Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Prevalences, Recovery Rates, and Clinical Associations on a Large Brazilian Sample.

Objective: Our study aimed to measure the percentage of reported olfactory or taste losses and their severity, recovery time, and association with other features in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19.

Study Design: Prospective survey.

Setting: Quaternary medical center and online survey.