The "moving valgus stress test" for medial collateral ligament tears of the elbow.

Background: The diagnosis of a painful partial tear of the medial collateral ligament in overhead-throwing athletes is challenging, even for experienced elbow surgeons and despite the use of sophisticated imaging techniques.

Hypothesis: The "moving valgus stress test" is an accurate physical examination technique for diagnosis of medial collateral ligament attenuation in the elbow.

Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Valgus torque in youth baseball pitchers: A biomechanical study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the biomechanical and anthropometric factors contributing to elbow valgus torque during pitching. Video data of 14 youth pitchers throwing fastballs were used to calculate shoulder and elbow kinematics and kinetics. Peak elbow valgus torque averaged 18 Nm and occurred just before maximal shoulder external rotation.

Validity of index of suspicion for pulmonary embolism after hip arthroplasty.

Pulmonary embolism after total hip arthroplasty is problematic, and intravenous heparin treatment in the absence of pulmonary embolism carries risk. Algorithms for treating pulmonary embolism often cite clinical index of suspicion as a basis for initiating intravenous heparin, but most information regarding variables to predict pulmonary embolism originate from studies of patients rather than only from patients who had arthroplasty. We studied the hypothesis that a more homogenous subpopulation, patients who had total hip arthroplasty, may have findings more accurately predictive of pulmonary embolism.

Pediatric shoulder instability: presentation, findings, treatment, and outcomes.

There is no one large study on pediatric shoulder instability. The purposes of this study were to characterize patients with shoulder subluxation or dislocation, the treatments provided, outcomes, and the predictors of good outcomes. Seventy shoulders in 66 patients were retrospectively reviewed, all with follow-up >2 years.