Pyrethroid exposure biomarker 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) binds to transthyretin and is positively associated with free T3 in pregnant women.

Pyrethroids constitute a large group of insecticides widely used in agriculture, indoor environments, and in vector control. Structurally, pyrethroids resemble thyroid hormones, and have been suggested to be thyroid hormone disruptors based on experimental studies. During pregnancy, even minor disturbances in maternal levels can affect fetal brain development.

The Performance of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening in Rural Versus Urban Locations in the Northwest United States.

Objectives: Pulse oximetry screening of newborns detects critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Rural birth location is known to affect timing and management of when infants with CHD undergo surgery, but its association with CCHD screening is unknown. We assess the relationship between rural location and postnatal CCHD diagnosis and describe lesion-specific modes of diagnosis.

Maternal cortisol in 3rd trimester is associated with traits of neurodevelopmental disorder in offspring. Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Prenatal cortisol exposure is essential for neurodevelopment. Maternal cortisol levels could be associated with offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Aim: To investigate associations between maternal 3rd trimester cortisol and offspring traits of ASD and ADHD.

Higher free thyroxine associated with PFAS exposure in first trimester. The Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disrupting chemicals with elimination half-lives ranging from four to eight years. Experimental studies found PFAS able to interfere with thyroid hormone-binding proteins. During the first 20 weeks of gestation (GW), the fetus is reliant on placental transfer of maternal thyroid hormones, mainly free thyroxine (FT4).

Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation.

We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals.

Genetic discovery and risk characterization in type 2 diabetes across diverse populations.

Genomic discovery and characterization of risk loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been conducted primarily in individuals of European ancestry. We conducted a multiethnic genome-wide association study of T2D among 53,102 cases and 193,679 control subjects from African, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian, and European population groups in the Population Architecture Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) and Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) Consortia. In individuals of African ancestry, we discovered a risk variant in the gene (rs11466334, risk allele frequency (RAF) = 6.

Pregnancy Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Associations With Prolactin Concentrations and Breastfeeding in the Odense Child Cohort.

Context: Human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with reduced duration of breastfeeding, although not consistently so, and mechanisms by which PFAS might affect breastfeeding are unknown.

Objective: To examine the association between early pregnancy serum-PFAS concentrations and breastfeeding termination and to elucidate the potential role of serum-prolactin concentrations in pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: Pregnant women from the Odense Child Cohort provided blood samples for analysis of 5 major PFAS (n = 1300) and prolactin concentrations (n = 924).

Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring at 3 years of age: Odense Child Cohort.

Introduction: Previous data suggested a link between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which could be mediated by higher prenatal androgen exposure.

Material And Methods: The study was part of the prospective Odense Child Cohort and included 1776 pregnant women, 165 (9%) with PCOS and 1607 (91%) controls. ADHD symptoms at 3 years of age were defined using the parent-reported questionnaire Child Behavior Checklist/1.

Gene Set Enrichment Analsyes Identify Pathways Involved in Genetic Risk for Diabetic Retinopathy.

Unlabelled: To identify functionally related genes associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk using gene set enrichment analyses applied to genome-wide association study meta-analyses.

Methods: We analyzed DR GWAS meta-analyses performed on 3246 Europeans and 2611 African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Gene sets relevant to 5 key DR pathophysiology processes were investigated: tissue injury, vascular events, metabolic events and glial dysregulation, neuronal dysfunction, and inflammation.

Adapting fasting plasma glucose threshold for GDM diagnosis according to the population distribution - An approach to the Danish paradox.

Aims: To examine third trimester fasting venous plasma glucose (FVPG) according to the distribution of a Danish population of pregnant women and identify potential local FVPG thresholds for GDM diagnosis related to risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: In the observational Odense Child Cohort (OCC) study, 1516 women had FVPG measured at 27-28 weeks' gestation and were considered normal by Danish criteria and remained untreated. Maternal FVPG from OCC were standardized according to the local FVPG mean and standard deviation calibrated to data from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study.

Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and autistic- and ADHD-related symptoms in children aged 2 and5 years from the Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a non-persistent chemical with endocrine disrupting abilities used in a variety of consumer products. Fetal exposure to BPA is of concern due to the elevated sensitivity, which particularly relates to the developing brain. Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between prenatal BPA exposure and neurodevelopment, but the results have been inconclusive.

Higher blood pressure in normal weight women with PCOS compared to controls.

Objective: Obesity is considered to be the strongest predictive factor for cardio-metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the study was to compare blood pressure (BP) in normal weight women with PCOS and controls matched for age and BMI.

Methods: From a Nordic cross-sectional base of 2615 individuals of Nordic ethnicity, we studied a sub cohort of 793 normal weight women with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (512 women with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria and 281 age and BMI-matched controls).

Maternal phthalate exposure associated with decreased testosterone/LH ratio in male offspring during mini-puberty. Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Phthalates are plastic softeners with anti-androgenic properties. Prenatal exposure has led to lower testosterone (T) levels and smaller testicles in adult rats. To our knowledge, no studies have examined associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and sex hormone concentrations in infants.

Prenatal Exposures to Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Associations with Markers of Adiposity and Plasma Lipids in Infancy: An Odense Child Cohort Study.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) are repellants that cross the placental barrier, enabling interference with fetal programming. Maternal PFAA concentrations have been associated with offspring obesity and dyslipidemia in childhood and adulthood, but this association has not been studied in infancy.

Objectives: We investigated associations between maternal PFAA concentrations and repeated markers of adiposity and lipid metabolism in infancy.

Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure Early In Pregnancy Was Negatively Associated With Late Pregnancy Cortisone Levels.

Introduction: During pregnancy, maternal cortisol levels are increased 3-fold by the third trimester. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD, isoforms 1 and 2) regulates the balance between cortisol and cortisone levels. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported to inhibit 11β-HSD1 and more potently 11β-HSD2, which could lead to reduced levels of cortisol and more extensively cortisone.

Blood pressure and hypertension during pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Odense Child Cohort.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare blood pressure and prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and the reference group throughout pregnancy.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study was part of the prospective study Odense Child Cohort. Pregnant women were recruited from January 2010 to December 2012.

Prenatal exposure to perfluorodecanoic acid is associated with lower circulating concentration of adrenal steroid metabolites during mini puberty in human female infants. The Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Fetal programming of the endocrine system may be affected by exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAAs), as they easily cross the placental barrier. In vitro studies suggest that PFAAs may disrupt steroidogenesis. "Mini puberty" refers to a transient surge in circulating androgens, androgen precursors, and gonadotropins in infant girls and boys within the first postnatal months.