Deactivation processes of homogeneous Pd catalysts using in situ time resolved spectroscopic techniques.

UV-Vis, combined with ED-XAFS shows, for the first time, the evolution of inactive Pd dimers and trimers, that are a possible first stage in the deactivation process of important palladium catalysed reactions, leading to larger palladium clusters and eventually palladium black.

Structure-performance relations in homogeneous Pd catalysis by in situ EXAFS spectroscopy.

X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy is used to unravel the structure of homogeneous catalysts in their catalytically active phase (solution), for which other characterization techniques failed in providing detailed structural information. Application of in situ EXAFS shows that the conformation of the allylic fragment of (P-P)Pd(1,1-dimethylallyl) catalytic intermediate complexes in solution (i.e.