Bedside Injection Medialization Laryngoplasty in Immediate Postoperative Patients.

Objectives: The morbidity of glottic insufficiency resulting from unilateral vocal fold immobility may significantly compromise postoperative recovery in patients with decreased pulmonary reserve or inability to protect their airway. Injection medialization laryngoplasty is an effective means of treating glottic insufficiency due to unilateral vocal fold immobility. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with bedside transoral injection medialization laryngoplasty in the immediate postoperative period.

Cricotracheal separation after gunshot to the neck: report of a survivor with recovery of bilateral vocal fold function.

Background: Traumatic tracheal injury via blunt or penetrating mechanism comes with a grave prognosis. Cricotracheal separation is a rare entity among these injuries and even more infrequent by means of penetrating trauma. Resultant airway discontinuity subsequent to these insults causes immense global hypoxia and tends to be uniformly fatal.

Giant cell tumor of the larynx: a case of malignant sarcomatous transformation.

We report what is to the best of our knowledge the first case of malignant transformation of a giant cell tumor of the larynx. The patient, a 34-year-old man, presented to our tertiary care university teaching hospital where he underwent hemilaryngopharyngectomy with radial forearm free flap reconstruction and 11 of 15 cycles of chemotherapy. He remained disease-free at approximately 6 years and 4 months of follow-up.

Considerations for initial dosing of botulinum toxin in treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia.

Objectives: To assess the effect on voice improvement and duration of breathiness based on initial dose of onabotulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the management of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD) and to compare voice outcomes for initial bilaterally injected doses of 1.25 units (group A) vs 2.5 units (group B) of BTX-A.

Audiologic and genetic features of the A3243G mtDNA mutation.

Background: Mitochondrial mutations have been shown to be responsible for syndromic and nonsyndromic hearing impairment.

Aim: To assess the genotypic-phenotypic correlation of mitochondrial DNA mutations in three generations of a single family.

Methods: A single family with maternally inherited diabetes and hearing loss was recruited.

Laryngeal involvement of multiple myeloma.

The objectives of this paper are to discuss a rare cause of laryngeal multiple myeloma, to review unique pathologic findings associated with plasma cell neoplasms, to discuss epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment options for plasma cell neoplasms of the larynx. Laryngeal multiple myeloma, also noted in the literature as "metastatic" multiple myeloma, presenting as a de novo laryngeal mass is extremely rare with few reported cases. Laryngeal involvement of extramedullary tumors is reported to be between 6% and 18% with the epiglottis, glottis, false vocal folds, aryepiglottic folds, and subglottis involved in decreasing the order of frequency.

High-resolution computed tomography analysis of the frontal sinus ostium: a pilot study.

Purpose: Identification and exposure of the frontal sinus recess (FSR) during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are challenging due to the variable anatomy, the narrow opening of the frontal sinus ostium (FSO), and the proximity of vital anatomic structures. Hence, a strong understanding of frontal sinus anatomy is required to prevent intracranial entry. Consistent and easily identifiable landmarks and measurements could assist safe entry into the FSO.

Mitochondrial DNA mutation screening in an ethnically diverse nonsyndromic deafness cohort.

Deafness is a heterogeneous trait with many known genetic and environmental causes. Hereditary hearing loss is an extremely common disorder in the general population. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are known to be associated with nonsyndromic deafness (NSD) and syndromic deafness.

Efficacy of transnasal endoscopic resection for malignant anterior skull-base tumors.

Background: Craniofacial resection (CFR) has been the standard of care for malignant tumors of the anterior skull base (ASB). However, during the past 2 decades, transnasal endoscopic resection (TER) has gained significant popularity. The purpose of this study is to compare CFR and TER with respect to perioperative and oncologic outcomes.

L-N-Acetylcysteine treatment is associated with improved hearing outcome in sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusion: Combination therapy corticosteroids plus an oral antioxidant L-N-acetylcysteine (LNAC) was associated with improved hearing over corticosteroids alone, particularly at the 6-month follow-up and at high frequencies (i.e. 4000 Hz).

Primary sclerosing fibroinflammatory pseudotumor of the maxillary sinus.

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a well known but poorly understood pathologic entity. It is associated with an unusual growth of fibrotic tissue admixed with varying amounts of inflammation that displaces and compresses normal anatomic structures, resulting in dysfunction. Pseudotumors have been found in multiple locations-the orbit in particular-but to the best of our knowledge, none has previously been reported as an isolated sinus lesion.

Cochlear implantation in common forms of genetic deafness.

Genetic factors are among the main etiologies of severe to profound hearing loss and may play an important role in cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes. While genes for common forms of deafness have been cloned, efforts to correlate the functional outcome of CIs with a genetic form of deafness carried by the patient have been largely anecdotal to date. It has been suggested that the differences in auditory performance may be explained by differences in the number of surviving spiral ganglion cells, etiology of hearing loss, and other factors.

Airway implications of congenital sternal agenesis.

Congenital agenesis of the sternum is an extremely unusual malformation rarely encountered by the practicing Otolaryngologist. It typically arises in conjunction with other midline ventral congenital anomalies, including abdominal, diaphragmatic, and cardiac malformations. We report a case series of two patients managed with tracheotomy placement due to prolonged intubation.

Comparison of transnasal endoscopic and open craniofacial resection for malignant tumors of the anterior skull base.

Objective/hypothesis: Craniofacial resection (CFR) represents the traditional approach for resection of anterior skull base (ASB) malignancies. However, this past decade has witnessed the emergence of transnasal endoscopic ASB resection (TER) as a feasible alternative. The aim of this study was to compare TER and CFR for ASB malignancy resection.

Dexamethasone base conserves hearing from electrode trauma-induced hearing loss.

Objective/hypothesis: Local treatment of the cochlea after electrode insertion trauma with dexamethasone base conserves hearing against trauma-induced loss.

Study Design: Laboratory animal study.

Methods: A guinea pig model of electron insertion trauma (EIT)-induced hearing loss (HL) used 44 guinea pigs sub-divided into four groups: 1) unoperated, controls (Controls, n = 44); 2) EIT, untreated (EIT, n = 15); 3) EIT plus artificial perilymph (EIT + AP, n = 15); and 4) EIT plus dexamethasone base (EIT + DXMb, n = 14).

Adenotonsillar pathology in post-transplant patients.

Objective/hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of adenotonsillar hypertrophy, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) titers, and flow cytometry in the evaluation of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in an at-risk pediatric population and to propose flow cytometry is the most effective means of diagnosis and directed treatment.

Study Design/methods: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all pediatric transplant patients referred for adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary care center between May 2000 and May 2003. Thirteen patients were identified.

Facial cutaneous mucormycosis in a full-term infant.

Mucormycosis is a rare and potentially fatal fungal infection that most commonly affects the immunocompromised population. Although originally described by Paltauf in 1885 (D. G.