Screening and Intervention for Skin Cancer in the Galapagos.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the general dermatological needs and correlation of tentative skin cancer screening diagnoses with histopathological confirmation in the highly sun-exposed locals of the Galapagos Islands.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved prospective study was performed at Blanca's House, a nonprofit surgical volunteer organization, free clinics in the Galapagos. After consent, a 40-item modified SPOTme-inspired questionnaire was completed.

Pediatric venous thromboembolism in relation to adults.

Objective: This review was performed to analyze the current knowledge and controversies in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with adults.

Methods: Searches of the MEDLINE database and manual searches of the references of selected articles were performed to select reports for their relevance and quality of information on the similarities and differences in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE in children and adults.

Results: Symptomatic VTE incidence is reported at a rate of 0.

Simulated laparoscopic sigmoidectomy training: responsiveness of surgery residents.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the responsiveness of surgery residents to simulated laparoscopic sigmoidectomy training.

Methods: Residents underwent simulated laparoscopic sigmoidectomy training for previously tattooed sigmoid cancer with use of disposable abdominal trays in a hybrid simulator to perform a seven-step standardized technique. After baseline testing and training, residents were tested with predetermined proficiency criteria.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric trauma patients.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant cause of secondary morbidity and mortality in adult trauma patients. No study has characterized VAP in pediatric trauma patients. We determined the rates of and potential risk factors for VAP in pediatric trauma patients.

Decompressive craniectomy in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury with intractable elevated intracranial pressure.

Background: Care of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) has placed emphasis on maximizing cerebral perfusion to prevent ischemia and reperfusion injury. A subset of patients with TBI will continue to have refractory intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation despite aggressive therapy including ventriculostomy, pentobarbital coma, hypertonic saline, and diuretics. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a controversial treatment of severe TBI.

Venous thromboembolic events in pediatric trauma patients: is prophylaxis necessary?

Background: Venous thromboembolic events (VTE), such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, are major morbidities in adult trauma patients. Invasive and noninvasive prophylactic therapies are used to prevent VTE in trauma patients. The risk of VTE in pediatric patients is not well known.

The vomiting neonate: a review of the ACR appropriateness criteria and ultrasound's role in the workup of such patients.

Ultrasound (US) plays a central role in the diagnostic imaging workup for infantile vomiting. This paper reviews the major causes of vomiting in the first months of life and the use of US and other modalities for their imaging assessment. The differential diagnostic possibilities are reviewed by examining 3 clinical scenarios of bilious vomiting during the first days of life, nonbilious vomiting since birth, and projectile vomiting first occurring after several weeks of life.