Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants enrolled in myo-inositol randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This study evaluates the 24-month follow-up for the NICHD Neonatal Research Network (NRN) Inositol for Retinopathy Trial.

Study Design: Bayley Scales of Infants Development-III and a standardized neurosensory examination were performed in infants enrolled in the main trial. Moderate/severe NDI was defined as BSID-III Cognitive or Motor composite score <85, moderate or severe cerebral palsy, blindness, or hearing loss that prevents communication despite amplification were assessed.

Effects of Myo-inositol on Type 1 Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Preterm Infants <28 Weeks' Gestational Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Previous studies of myo-inositol in preterm infants with respiratory distress found reduced severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and less frequent ROP, death, and intraventricular hemorrhage. However, no large trials have tested its efficacy or safety.

Objective: To test the adverse events and efficacy of myo-inositol to reduce type 1 ROP among infants younger than 28 weeks' gestational age.

Presentation of TRPM1-Associated Congenital Stationary Night Blindness in Children.

Importance: Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) implies a stable condition, with the major symptom being nyctalopia present at birth. Pediatric clinical presentation and the course of different genetic subtypes of CSNB have not, to our knowledge, been well described in the era of molecular genetic diagnosis.

Objective: To describe the presentation and longitudinal clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with molecularly confirmed TRPM1-associated complete CSNB (cCSNB).

Description and validation of a structured simulation curriculum for strabismus surgery.

Purpose: To describe and validate a Web-based structured simulation curriculum of strabismus surgery for residents in training using noncadaveric eye models.

Methods: A pre- and posttest of cognitive skills, objective wet laboratory structured assessment of technique, and summative global evaluation form were implemented as part of a systematic ophthalmology wet lab (OWL) curriculum. Strabismus techniques were taught using a structured simulation method on noncadaveric models of eyes.

Cataract surgery in children with uveitis: retrospective analysis of intraocular lens implantation with anterior optic capture.

Purpose: To present experience with cataract extraction in 9 eyes of 7 pediatric patients with chronic uveitis and compare the technique of anterior optic capture in 5 eyes that underwent cataract extraction without optic capture of the intraocular lens (IOL) or were left aphakic.

Methods: A retrospective review of pediatric patients with chronic uveitis undergoing cataract surgery was performed, examining the preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, immunosuppressive therapy, surgical technique, complications, subsequent procedures, and need for escalation of systemic immunosuppressive therapy. The technique of anterior optic capture is described in detail.

Resident and fellow participation in strabismus surgery: effect of level of training and number of assistants on operative time and cost.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the level of training and number of assistants on operative time for uncomplicated, 2-muscle, horizontal strabismus surgery at an academic institution.

Design: Comparative case series.

Participants: A total of 993 children and adults between the ages of 6 months and 75 years.

Inadvertent intrastromal injection of ophthalmic viscoelastic.

Viscoelastic is an ophthalmic viscosurgical device used to protect ocular tissue and maintain intraocular space during surgical procedures such as cataract removal. To date, the only cases published regarding inadvertent viscosurgical device injection have caused Descemet's membrane detachments. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl who underwent complicated lensectomy with prior history of uveitis and posterior synechia in which intrastromal ophthalmic viscoelastic was inadvertently injected into the stroma, leaving an off-centered opacity.

Prevalence and characteristics of abnormal head posture in children with Down syndrome: a 20-year retrospective, descriptive review.

Purpose: To characterize the abnormal head posture (AHP) in children with Down syndrome (DS). The study had 3 aims: to estimate the prevalence of AHP, to describe the distribution of different causes for AHP, and to evaluate the long-term outcomes of AHP in children with DS evaluated at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 1989 and 2009.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Pediatric ophthalmology attire: should we wear a white coat?

The purpose of this study was to determine if patients and their families in a pediatric ophthalmology and adult strabismus clinic have a preference regarding physician and staffattire. Patients and/or parents were invited to complete a three-question survey. Respondents were queried based on three types of attire preference: white coat, professional clothing without white coat, or casual attire without white coat.

Nine-year results of a volunteer lay network photoscreening program of 147 809 children using a photoscreener in Iowa.

Purpose: To present the largest cohort of preschool children screened by the MTI PhotoScreener over a 9-year period from a single, statewide vision screening effort.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: We included 147,809 children screened between May 1, 2000, and April 30, 2009 by a photoscreening program.

Retinal arterial but not venous tortuosity correlates with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy severity.

Background: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal-dominant disease beginning with facial and shoulder girdle weakness with variable progression. Exudative retinal detachment, retinal vessel irregularities on fluorescein angiography, and retinal vessel tortuosity have been found in association with FSHD.

Methods: In this retrospective study, muscle affectedness severity was rated as mild, moderate, or severe by a neurologist masked to the retinal images.

Increasing exotropia and decreasing vision in a school-aged boy.

An 8-year-old boy presented with bilateral visual loss and an increasing exotropia, and later developed deteriorating school performance. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed bilateral, symmetric, T2, and FLAIR white matter abnormalities in the parieto-occipital regions. Elevated serum very long chain fatty acids confirmed the diagnosis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

Long-term outcome of pediatric aphakic glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine the long-term outcome in pediatric patients with aphakic glaucoma.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 130 patients diagnosed with aphakic glaucoma between 1969 and 2004 was performed. A total of 36 patients (55 eyes) were included in this study after excluding those who had cataract extraction after age 10 and those patients with other ocular conditions, systemic syndromes, traumatic cataracts, congenital glaucoma, or inadequate follow-up (less than 1 year).

Structured journal club as a tool to teach and assess resident competence in practice-based learning and improvement.

Purpose: To describe the use of the journal club as a tool to teach and assess competency in practice-based learning (PBL) and improvement among residents in ophthalmology.

Design: Interventional case series.

Participants: Ophthalmology residents.

Using the Journal Club to teach and assess competence in practice-based learning and improvement: a literature review and recommendation for implementation.

The traditional journal club has historically been used to teach residents about critically reading and reviewing the literature in order to improve patient care. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies mandate requires that ophthalmology residency programs both teach and assess practice-based learning and improvement. A systematically conducted review of the literature regarding the use of the journal club in resident medical education was performed to define specific recommendations for implementation of a journal club tool.

User-centered development of a Web-based preschool vision screening tool.

Although amblyopia is most successfully treated when detected in early childhood, many preschool-aged children are not being screened. This project explored the delivery of Web-based vision screenings, integrated with patient education, to parents and children, aged 3 to 6 years. Through a user-centered design methodology involving requirements gathering, iterative prototype development, and usability testing, a highly usable screening Website was created.