Equine intraocular melanocytic neoplasia.

Objective: To describe the clinical appearance, histopathology, and treatment of equine intraocular melanocytic neoplasia in adult horses.

Animals And Procedure: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted. Data recorded included signalment, ocular examination findings, physical examination findings, therapeutic interventions, and case outcomes.

Low-dose intravitreal injection of 4 mg preservative-free gentamicin and superficial lamellar keratectomy combined with modified Gundersen grafts to control chronic heterochromic iridocyclitis and secondary keratitis in horses.

Objective: To describe a combined treatment approach for heterochromic iridocyclitis and secondary keratitis (HIK) in horses.

Animal Studied: A total of 15 horses (16 eyes).

Procedures: Sixteen eyes from 15 horses (mean age 14.

The use of shotgun label-free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry to evaluate the inflammatory response in aqueous humor from horses with uveitis compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses.

Objective: The objective of this study was to use shotgun label-free tandem mass spectrometry (LF-MS/MS) to evaluate aqueous humor (AH) from horses with uveitis (UH) compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses (HH).

Animals Studied: Twelve horses diagnosed with uveitis based on ophthalmic examination and six ophthalmologically healthy horses (postmortem) purchased for teaching purposes.

Procedures: All horses received a complete ophthalmic examination and physical exam.

Effect of gentamicin on CD3+ T-lymphocyte proliferation for treatment of equine recurrent uveitis: An in vitro study.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of gentamicin on CD3+ T-lymphocyte proliferation and cell viability using an in vitro cell culture model as a means of investigating the mechanism of action of low-dose intravitreal gentamicin injection.

Animals Studied: Three adult horses with no evidence of ophthalmic or systemic disease.

Procedure: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were treated with gentamicin at concentrations 37.

Limbal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Black Baldy Cow: Case Report and Surgical Treatment.

Objective: To document a case of limbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in an adult Black Baldy cow treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive therapy following surgical excision. . One privately owned 8-year-old female, entire, Black Baldy cow.

Prevalence, differences, and potential correlation to age, sex, breed, coat color, iris color, and geographic location in naturally occurring refractive errors in the normal equine eye from Germany and North Carolina.

Purpose: To evaluate the normal refractive state in horses in NCSU and ECMR and determine the prevalence of naturally occurring refractive errors and their association with breed, age, coat color, iris color, sex, and geographic location.

Methods: Horses from NCSU (January 2009-November 2012) and ECMR (January 2013-September 2016) underwent ophthalmic examination and streak retinoscopy. Location, color, breed, sex, and iris color were recorded.

Effects of corneoconjunctival transposition, posterior lamellar keratoplasty and modified deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty on streak retinoscopy in equine cadaver eyes.

Objective: Evaluate the effects of corneoconjunctival transposition (CCT), posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) and modified deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) on streak retinoscopy in equine cadaver eyes.

Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was maintained at 25 ± 3 mmHg in 35 equine cadaver eyes. Streak retinoscopy was performed prior to (NO VISCO) and following (VISCO) intracameral injection of 1.

Keratometry, biometry, and prediction of intraocular lens power in adult tigers (Panthera tigris).

Objective: To calculate the necessary pseudophakic intraocular lens (IOL) power to approximate emmetropia in adult tigers.

Animals: 17 clinically normal adult tigers.

Procedures: 33 eyes of 17 clinically normal adult tigers underwent routine ophthalmic examination and B-scan ultrasonography while anesthetized for unrelated procedures.

Comparison of image quality of corneal and retinal optical coherence tomography using sedation and general anesthesia protocols with or without retrobulbar anesthesia in horses.

Objective: To compare image quality and acquisition time of corneal and retinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) under 3 different sedation-anesthesia conditions in horses.

Animals: 6 middle-aged geldings free of ocular disease.

Procedures: 1 randomly selected eye of each horse was evaluated via SD-OCT under the following 3 conditions: standing sedation without retrobulbar anesthetic block (RB), standing sedation with RB, and general anesthesia with RB.

Clinical and pathologic evaluation of chorioretinal lesions in wild owl species.

Objective: Investigate histopathology and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of wild owls with chorioretinitis and identify any potential correlation with an infectious etiology.

Materials And Methods: Ophthalmic examination and retinal OCT imaging were performed on fifteen great horned (Strix varia) and barred (Bubo virginianus) owls (30 eyes) with chorioretinitis and five owls with normal eyes (10 eyes). Testing to investigate the presence of potential infectious diseases included a complete blood count, biochemistry, protein electrophoresis, West Nile virus (WNV) plaque reduction neutralization test, Toxoplasma gondii modified direct agglutination test, WNV RT-PCR, and Avian Influenza RT-PCR.

Clinical findings associated with blunt ocular trauma in horses: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: Identify ocular findings associated with blunt ocular trauma to aid in differentiation from other equine ocular diseases.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Medical records of horses at the Equine Clinic Munich-Riem, Munich, Germany and Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed.

Effects of Intravenous Flunixin Meglumine, Phenylbutazone, and Acupuncture on Ocular Pain Scores in the Horse: A Pilot Study.

In this controlled, blinded, randomized block pilot study, the main objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous flunixin meglumine, phenylbutazone, and acupuncture on ocular pain relief using a multifactorial pain scale in the horse. Four experimental horses underwent corneal epithelial debridement in four sessions, when a randomly selected treatment or a control was used. All horses were pain scored before corneal wounding, then at 18 time points, when 11 parameters were allocated.

Descemet's membrane detachments, ruptures, and separations in ten adult horses: Clinical signs, diagnostics, treatment options, and preliminary results.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging results, and treatment outcomes of a series of presumed spontaneous Descemet's membrane detachments (DMD), ruptures, or separations (DMRS) in the adult horse.

Animals Studied: Ten adult horses of various breeds with DMD or DMRS.

Procedures: Descemet's membrane detachments/DMRS were diagnosed via slit lamp biomicroscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and/or optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Sustained-release voriconazole-thermogel for subconjunctival injection in horses: ocular toxicity and in-vivo studies.

Background: Keratomycosis is a relatively common, sight threatening condition in horses, where treatment is often prolonged and costly. Subconjunctival (SCo) injections offer less resistance to drug diffusion than the topical route, resulting in better penetration to the ocular anterior segment. Voriconazole, a second generation triazole antifungal, is effective against common fungal organisms causing keratomycosis.

Bilateral Phacoemulsification in an African Elephant ().

A 37-year-old bull African elephant () at the North Carolina Zoo (NCZ) was diagnosed with bilateral cataracts leading to behavioral changes and significant weight loss secondary to functional blindness. On initial examination, a weight loss of 234 kg, a mature cataract in the right eye, and a focal cataract in the left eye were diagnosed. Ultrasound and electroretinography (ERG) indicated normal retinal attachment and both eyes were viable candidates for surgery.

Intravitreal injection of low-dose gentamicin for the treatment of recurrent or persistent uveitis in horses: Preliminary results.

Background: Despite appropriate medical therapy, many horses with equine recurrent uveitis continue to suffer from recurrent bouts of inflammation. Surgical intervention via the pars plana vitrectomy or suprachoroidal cyclosporine implant placement may control and/or prevent recurrences, however, these procedures may be contraindicated, unavailable, or declined by an owner. Thus, an effective adjunctive treatment option may help to improve the clinical outcomes in those situations.

Medical and Surgical Management of Equine Recurrent Uveitis.

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is characterized by recurrent bouts of inflammation interrupted by periods of quiescence that vary in duration. There is little consensus on the clinical manifestations, the underlying causes, or the management. The 3 commonly recognized syndromes of ERU (classic, insidious, and posterior) do not accurately separate the clinical manifestations of disease into distinct categories.

Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of a novel equine ocular disorder: heterochromic iridocyclitis with secondary keratitis in adult horses.

Objective: To describe the clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of an equine ocular inflammatory disease resulting in anterior uveitis and corneal endothelial inflammation associated with iris pigment dispersion and retrocorneal fibrous membrane (RFM) formation.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals Studied: Sixteen horses with evidence of pigmented keratic precipitates (KPs), corneal edema, and/or iris depigmentation.

Modified lamellar keratoplasties for the treatment of deep stromal abscesses in horses.

Objective: To describe a surgical modification of deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) and posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) procedures, to facilitate surgery on standing horses under-sedation.

Animals Studied: Four client-owned horses, for which the owners declined surgery under general anesthesia, underwent standing corneal lamellar keratoplasty procedures for the treatment of deep corneal stromal abscesses.

Procedures: All four horses were placed in stocks and sedated with detomidine.

The effect of 1% tropicamide-induced mydriasis and cycloplegia on spherical refraction of the adult horse.

Objectives: To determine the effects of tropicamide 1% on the refractive state of the adult equine globe and identify the most appropriate time period (in relation to mydriasis) to perform streak retinoscopy.

Animals Studied: Eight university-owned mares of various ages and breeds.

Procedures: Topical tropicamide 1% was applied to one randomly selected eye from each of the horses to induce mydriasis and cycloplegia.

Evaluation of diode endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in bovine cadaver eyes.

Objective: To evaluate the anterior chamber approach and energy levels for endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECPC) and assess ECPC-induced tissue damage in phakic eyes of bovine cadavers.

Sample: 12 bovine cadaver eyes.

Procedures: Angle of reach was measured in 6 eyes following placement of a curved endoscopic probe through multiple corneal incisions.

Diode laser endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the normal equine eye.

Objective: To determine the clinical and histologic effects of diode endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in the phakic equine eye.

Animals Studied: Phase I: 10 equine cadaver eyes. Phase II: four normal adult horses.

Phacoemulsification and +14 diopter intraocular lens placement in a Saddlebred foal.

A 2-month-old, 110-kg Saddlebred filly presented for evaluation of bilateral cataracts. A hypermature cataract in the left eye (OS) and an incipient nuclear cataract in the right eye (OD) were diagnosed. Electroretinography and ocular ultrasound revealed no contraindications for surgical removal of the cataractous lens OS.