Brain Stem Encephalitis in a Patient With Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature.

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has revolutionized the management of advanced cancer including advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Unfortunately, those agents are not without adverse effects. Immune imbalance through enhanced cellular immune response may result in impaired endogenous immunological tolerance mechanisms that can result in a wide spectrum of immunological side effects also known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs).