The role of occult hypertension in retinal vein occlusions and diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether individuals who develop retinal vein occlusion (RVO) or sudden-onset activity in otherwise quiescent diabetic retinopathy (DR) and those who have normal blood pressure (BP) or controlled hypertension according to their family physician show evidence of occult hypertension on 24-hour BP monitoring.

Methods: Patients with a new-onset RVO or DR that led to vitreous hemorrhage after a period of quiescence were identified. Informed consent was obtained, and patients were enrolled in the study if they met all of the inclusion criteria.

The role of occult hypertension in retinal vein occlusions and diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether individuals who develop retinal vein occlusion (RVO) or sudden-onset activity in otherwise quiescent diabetic retinopathy (DR) and those who have normal blood pressure (BP) or controlled hypertension according to their family physician show evidence of occult hypertension on 24-hour BP monitoring.

Methods: Patients with a new-onset RVO or DR that led to vitreous hemorrhage after a period of quiescence were identified. Informed consent was obtained, and patients were enrolled in the study if they met all of the inclusion criteria.

Hypertension Canada's 2016 Canadian Hypertension Education Program Guidelines for Blood Pressure Measurement, Diagnosis, Assessment of Risk, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertension.

Hypertension Canada's Canadian Hypertension Education Program Guidelines Task Force provides annually updated, evidence-based recommendations to guide the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension. This year, we present 4 new recommendations, as well as revisions to 2 previous recommendations. In the diagnosis and assessment of hypertension, automated office blood pressure, taken without patient-health provider interaction, is now recommended as the preferred method of measuring in-office blood pressure.

The 2015 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.

The Canadian Hypertension Education Program reviews the hypertension literature annually and provides detailed recommendations regarding hypertension diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment. This report provides the updated evidence-based recommendations for 2015. This year, 4 new recommendations were added and 2 existing recommendations were modified.

The 2014 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.

Herein, updated evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in Canadian adults are detailed. For 2014, 3 existing recommendations were modified and 2 new recommendations were added. The following recommendations were modified: (1) the recommended sodium intake threshold was changed from ≤ 1500 mg (3.

The 2013 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.

We updated the evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults for 2013. This year's update includes 2 new recommendations. First, among nonhypertensive or stage 1 hypertensive individuals, the use of resistance or weight training exercise does not adversely influence blood pressure (BP) (Grade D).

The 2012 Canadian hypertension education program recommendations for the management of hypertension: blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, and therapy.

We updated the evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults for 2012. The new recommendations are: (1) use of home blood pressure monitoring to confirm a diagnosis of white coat syndrome; (2) mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may be used in selected patients with hypertension and systolic heart failure; (3) a history of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension should not be a factor in deciding to prescribe an angiotensin-receptor blocker for the treatment of hypertension; and (4) the blood pressure target for patients with nondiabetic chronic kidney disease has now been changed to < 140/90 mm Hg from < 130/80 mm Hg. We also reviewed the recent evidence on blood pressure targets for patients with hypertension and diabetes and continue to recommend a blood pressure target of less than 130/80 mm Hg.

Invited Lecture - CSPT Annual Meeting: Drugs and people I have known: 45 years in clinical pharmacology.

At the Canadian Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting in Montreal on May 27, 2011 Richard Ian Ogilvie, Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Pharmacology at the University of Toronto was invited to present a lecture regarding his 45 year career in clinical pharmacology in Canada. In the lecture he identified the people and events that shaped his accomplished career.

The 2011 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, and therapy.

We updated the evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults for 2011. The major guideline changes this year are: (1) a recommendation was made for using comparative risk analogies when communicating a patient's cardiovascular risk; (2) diagnostic testing issues for renal artery stenosis were discussed; (3) recommendations were added for the management of hypertension during the acute phase of stroke; (4) people with hypertension and diabetes are now considered high risk for cardiovascular events if they have elevated urinary albumin excretion, overt kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, or the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors; (5) the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) is preferred over the combination of an ACE inhibitor and a thiazide diuretic in persons with diabetes and hypertension; and (6) a recommendation was made to coordinate with pharmacists to improve antihypertensive medication adherence. We also discussed the recent analyses that examined the association between angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and cancer.

The 2010 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: part 2 - therapy.

Objective: To update the evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in adults for 2010.

Options And Outcomes: For lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, randomized trials and systematic reviews of trials were preferentially reviewed. Changes in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were the primary outcomes of interest.

The 2009 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: Part 2--therapy.

Objective: To update the evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and management of hypertension in adults for 2009.

Options And Outcomes: For lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of trials was preferentially reviewed. Changes in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were the primary outcomes of interest.

Perindopril for control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors: an open-label, observational, multicentre, general practice-based study.

Background And Objectives: Hypertension, one of the major treatable cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, usually occurs in association with other major risk factors. As well as providing rapid blood pressure (BP) goal attainment, antihypertensive therapy should also provide reductions in CV events and mortality in a wide range of patients. For this, higher dosages and combinations of antihypertensive agents are often required.

The 2008 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: part 2 - therapy.

Objective: To update the evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and management of hypertension in adults.

Options And Outcomes: For lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, evidence was preferentially reviewed from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of trials. Changes in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were the primary outcomes of interest.

Aortic diameter, wall stiffness, and wave reflection in systolic hypertension.

Systolic hypertension is associated with increased pulse pressure (PP) and increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However the pathogenesis of increased PP remains controversial. One hypothesis suggests that aortic dilatation, wall stiffening and increased pulse wave velocity result from elastin fragmentation, leading to a premature reflected pressure wave that contributes to elevated PP.

The 2007 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: part 2 - therapy.

Objective: To provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and management of hypertension in adults.

Options And Outcomes: For lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, evidence was reviewed from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of trials. Changes in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were the primary outcomes of interest.

The 2006 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: Part II - Therapy.

Objective: To provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the management of hypertension in adults.

Options And Outcomes: For lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, evidence from randomized, controlled trials and systematic reviews of trials was preferentially reviewed. Changes in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were the primary outcomes of interest.

The 2005 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for the management of hypertension: part II - therapy.

Objective: To provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the management of hypertension in adults.

Options And Outcomes: For lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of trials was preferentially reviewed. While changes in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were the primary outcomes of interest, for lifestyle interventions, blood pressure lowering was accepted as a primary outcome given the lack of long-term morbidity/mortality data in this field, and for certain comorbid conditions, other relevant outcomes, such as development of proteinuria or worsening of kidney function, were considered.

The 2001 Canadian recommendations for the management of hypertension: Part two--Therapy.

Objective: To provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the therapy of hypertension in adults.

Options: For patients with hypertension, a number of antihypertensive agents may control blood pressure. Randomized trials evaluating first-line therapy with thiazides, beta-adrenergic antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, alpha-blockers, centrally acting agents or angiotensin II receptor antagonists were reviewed.