Apoptosis and necrosis in vaccinia virus-infected HeLa G and BSC-40 cells.

In most cells, vaccinia virus (VACV) infection is considered to cause a lytic cell death, an equivalent of necrosis. However, upon infection of the epithelial cell lines HeLa G and BSC-40 with VACV strain Western Reserve (WR), we have previously observed an increased activation of and activity attributable to caspases, a typical sign of apoptosis. In this paper, we have further analyzed the type of cell death in VACV-infected cells HeLa G and BSC-40.

Bilateral Posterior Dislocation of the Shoulders.

A case of bilateral posterior dislocation of the shoulder is reported in a man suffering from terminal renal failure. An analysis of the previously reported cases reveals characteristic clinical and radiological features, yet the lesion is frequently misdiagnosed. Early diagnosis is important because within the first week closed reduction is usually possible, resulting in good function.