Do Twitter users change their behavior after exposure to misinformation? An in-depth analysis.

Social media platforms have been exploited to disseminate misinformation in recent years. The widespread online misinformation has been shown to affect users' beliefs and is connected to social impact such as polarization. In this work, we focus on misinformation's impact on specific user behavior and aim to understand whether general Twitter users changed their behavior after being exposed to misinformation.

The Effect of Hip Offset and Spinopelvic Abnormalities on the Risk of Dislocation Following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with abnormal spinopelvic motion are at increased risk of dislocation. However, little is known about the effect of hip offset on dislocation risk following total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with abnormal spinopelvic motion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of under-restored hip offset and spinopelvic abnormalities in a series of THA patients treated for recurrent instability.

Differential proteome profile, biological pathways, and network relationships of osteogenic proteins in calcified human aortic valves.

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disease requiring intervention. Most research on CAVD has focused on inflammation, ossification, and cellular phenotype transformation. To gain a broader picture into the wide range of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this disease, we compared the total protein profiles between calcified and non-calcified areas from 5 human valves resected during surgery.

Postdural Puncture Headache Related to Procedure: Incidence and Risk Factors After Neuraxial Anesthesia and Spinal Procedures.

Objective: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a potential complication of certain neuraxial anesthesia and spinal procedures, and some risk factors for PDPH have been identified. However, there have been no detailed analyses of rates and risk factors of PDPH after various spinal and neuraxial anesthesia procedures.

Methods: Patient data from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, were retrospectively analyzed.

Cdk1 Controls Global Epigenetic Landscape in Embryonic Stem Cells.

The cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) drives cell division. To uncover additional functions of Cdk1, we generated knockin mice expressing an analog-sensitive version of Cdk1 in place of wild-type Cdk1. In our study, we focused on embryonic stem cells (ESCs), because this cell type displays particularly high Cdk1 activity.

Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway as a New Mechanism to Exploit Cancer Drug Resistance.

Chemotherapy employs anti-cancer drugs to stop the growth of cancerous cells, but one common obstacle to the success is the development of chemoresistance, which leads to failure of the previously effective anti-cancer drugs. Resistance arises from different mechanistic pathways, and in this critical review, we focus on the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway in chemoresistance. This pathway has yet to be intensively researched by mainstream cancer researchers.

A survey of patients' perspectives of steroid injection (ppyeojusa) in Korea.

Background: Steroid injections are commonly used in pain clinics to relieve pain and treat inflammation. In Korea, these steroid injections are well known as 'ppyeojusa', which means to inject into the bone in Korean. Some patients often have a negative perception of this treatment method due to inaccurate information about the treatment and side effects of steroids.

promotes colorectal cancer by inducing Wnt/β-catenin modulator Annexin A1.

, a Gram-negative oral anaerobe, is a significant contributor to colorectal cancer. Using an cancer progression model, we discover that stimulates the growth of colorectal cancer cells without affecting the pre-cancerous adenoma cells. Annexin A1, a previously unrecognized modulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, is a key component through which exerts its stimulatory effect.

Benefits of a family-centered approach to pediatric induction of anesthesia.

Background/purpose: We initiated a pediatric surgical program including a caregiver for the induction of anesthesia. We measured preoperative midazolam administration, preoperative time, induction time, and program satisfaction.

Methods: Families with children undergoing surgery during the study period were included.

Ezh2 does not mediate retinal ganglion cell homeostasis or their susceptibility to injury.

Epigenetic predisposition is thought to critically contribute to adult-onset disorders, such as retinal neurodegeneration. The histone methyltransferase, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), is transiently expressed in the perinatal retina, particularly enriched in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We previously showed that embryonic deletion of Ezh2 from retinal progenitors led to progressive photoreceptor degeneration throughout life, demonstrating a role for embryonic predisposition of Ezh2-mediated repressive mark in maintaining the survival and function of photoreceptors in the adult.

Kinase-independent function of E-type cyclins in liver cancer.

E-type cyclins (cyclins E1 and E2) are components of the core cell cycle machinery and are overexpressed in many human tumor types. E cyclins are thought to drive tumor cell proliferation by activating the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). The cyclin E1 gene represents the site of recurrent integration of the hepatitis B virus in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and this event is associated with strong up-regulation of cyclin E1 expression.

Cell cycle-targeting microRNAs promote differentiation by enforcing cell-cycle exit.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been known to affect various biological processes by repressing expression of specific genes. Here we describe an essential function of the miR-34/449 family during differentiation of epithelial cells. We found that miR-34/449 suppresses the cell-cycle machinery in vivo and promotes cell-cycle exit, thereby allowing epithelial cell differentiation.

myBlackBox: Blackbox Mobile Cloud Systems for Personalized Unusual Event Detection.

We demonstrate the feasibility of constructing a novel and practical real-world mobile cloud system, called myBlackBox, that efficiently fuses multimodal smartphone sensor data to identify and log unusual personal events in mobile users' daily lives. The system incorporates a hybrid architectural design that combines unsupervised classification of audio, accelerometer and location data with supervised joint fusion classification to achieve high accuracy, customization, convenience and scalability. We show the feasibility of myBlackBox by implementing and evaluating this end-to-end system that combines Android smartphones with cloud servers, deployed for 15 users over a one-month period.

Morphometric analysis of calcification and fibrous layer thickness in carotid endarterectomy tissues.

Background: Advanced atherosclerotic lesions are commonly characterized by the presence of calcification. Several studies indicate that extensive calcification is associated with plaque stability, yet recent studies suggest that calcification morphology and location may adversely affect the mechanical stability of atherosclerotic plaques. The underlying cause of atherosclerotic calcification and the importance of intra-plaque calcium distribution remains poorly understood.

Plate fixation of midshaft clavicular fractures: patient-reported outcomes and hardware-related complications.

Background: Recent studies report high hardware removal rates after plate fixation of midshaft clavicular fractures. Precontoured clavicle plates may decrease hardware-related complications while improving healing rates and patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods: Using a private-payer national database, we identified 7826 patients who underwent clavicle open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in 2007 to 2011.

Proximal humerus fragility fractures: recent trends in nonoperative and operative treatment in the Medicare population.

Background: With an aging population, fragility fractures including injuries to the proximal humerus continue to rise in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate recent trends in the incidence and treatment of proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) in a cross-sectional elderly population.

Methods: Medicare data from 2005 to 2012 were queried to identify patients treated for PHF.

Differential Aortic and Mitral Valve Interstitial Cell Mineralization and the Induction of Mineralization by Lysophosphatidylcholine .

Purpose: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a serious condition with vast uncertainty regarding the precise mechanism leading to valve calcification. This study was undertaken to examine the role of the lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in a comparison of aortic and mitral valve cellular mineralization.

Methods: The proportion of LPC in differentially calcified regions of diseased aortic valves was determined using thin layer chromatography (TLC).

Distribution of calcification in carotid endarterectomy tissues: comparison of micro-computed tomography imaging with histology.

Background: Calcification in atherosclerotic plaques has been viewed as a marker of plaque stability, but whether calcification accumulates in specific anatomic sites in the carotid artery is unknown. We determined the burden and distribution of calcified plaque in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) tissues.

Methods: A total of 22 CEA tissues were imaged with high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Managing difficult airway in patients with post-burn mentosternal and circumoral scar contractures.

Securing the airway is a crucial aspect during reconstructive surgeries of patients with extensive post-burn mentosternal scar contractures; however, the American Society of Anesthesiologists Difficult Airway Management Algorithm recommendation of initial direct laryngoscopy may not be appropriate for these complicated patients. Consequently, there is a significant risk for failure of intubation and airway emergency. We suggest that initial attempts at securing the airway be made with indirect laryngoscopy.

Differentiating the aging of the mitral valve from human and canine myxomatous degeneration.

During the course of both canine and human aging, the mitral valve remodels in generally predictable ways. The connection between these aging changes and the morbidity and mortality that accompany pathologic conditions has not been made clear. By exploring work that has investigated the specific valvular changes in both age and disease, with respect to the cells and the extracellular matrix found within the mitral valve, heretofore unexplored connections between age and myxomatous valve disease can be found.

Structural and cellular changes in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease: an image analysis study.

Background And Aim Of The Study: Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the single most common cardiac disease of the dog, and bears close similarities to chronic degenerative mitral valve disease in humans. However, limited quantitative data are available on cellular and morphological changes in both species. The study aim was to use an image analysis system to examine various morphological changes associated with MMVD, and in particular to measure changes in cell numbers in overtly myxomatous areas of the distal portion of the valve.

Evaluation of innervation of the mitral valves and the effects of myxomatous degeneration in dogs.

Objective: To map aspects of the innervation of the mitral valve complex and determine any association with the development or progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs.

Sample Population: Septal mitral valve leaflets from 11 dogs aged 6 months to > 10 years.

Procedures: Expression of protein gene product 9.

Distribution of myofibroblasts, smooth muscle-like cells, macrophages, and mast cells in mitral valve leaflets of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.

Objective: To map the cellular distribution and phenotypic alteration of the predominant stromal cell population throughout the entire valve length of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).

Sample Population: 31 mitral valve complexes (ie, mitral valve leaflets) collected from 4 clinically normal dogs and 27 dogs with MMVD of varying severity.

Procedures: A combination of standard histologic and immunohistochemical techniques was used to identify pathologic changes, the presence of mast cells, and the density and distribution of cells expressing vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), smooth muscle myosin, and the macrophage marker MAC387.

Collagen organization in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease: an x-ray diffraction study.

Collagen fibrils, a major component of mitral valve leaflets, play an important role in defining shape and providing mechanical strength and flexibility. Histopathological studies show that collagen fibrils undergo dramatic changes in the course of myxomatous mitral valve disease in both dogs and humans. However, little is known about the detailed organization of collagen in this disease.