This paper presents the analytical derivation of spreading resistance expressions for diverse geometries of a conducting probe submerged in a lossy medium. Resulting equations can be used to calibrate scanning impedance/scanning microwave microscopes operating in liquid. The expressions are systematically validated through numerical and experimental methods for the calibration of an inverted Scanning Microwave Microscope (iSMM) when operating in a lossy saline medium, such as Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), a widely used medium for supporting the growth of biological cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonoamine neurotransmitters are stored in both synaptic vesicles (SVs), which are required for release at the synapse, and large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs), which mediate extrasynaptic release. The contributions of each type of vesicular release to specific behaviors are not known. To address this issue, we generated mutations in the C-terminal trafficking domain of the Drosophila vesicular monoamine transporter (DVMAT), which is required for the vesicular storage of monoamines in both SVs and LDCVs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF