Exercise and the metabolic syndrome with weight regain.

Weight loss improves metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors, but risk may return with weight regain. This study was designed to determine if exercise training can maintain improvements in MetS risk factors during weight regain. In a randomized control trial,102 overweight or obese (body mass index 25.

Exercise and diet induced weight loss improves measures of oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in adults with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome.

Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) increase the risk for coronary heart disease; however, much of this risk is not attributable to traditional risk factors. We sought to determine whether weight loss associated with supervised aerobic exercise beneficially alters biomarkers of oxidative stress and whether these alterations are associated with improvements in measures of insulin resistance. Twenty-five sedentary and overweight to obese [body mass index (BMI) = 33.

The role of ammonia in the transfer of nicotine from tobacco to mainstream smoke.

This study has examined the possible effects of ammonia-forming ingredients added to tobacco and of ammonia in mainstream (MS) smoke on the nicotine transfer from tobacco to smoke. The U.S.

Effects of acute 60 and 80% VO2max bouts of aerobic exercise on state anxiety of women of different age groups across time.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on state anxiety of women while controlling for iron status (hemoglobin and serum ferritin). Participants were 24 active women, ages 18-20 years (n = 12) and 35-45 years (n = 12). In addition to a nonexercise control condition, participants completed one exercise bout at 60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and one at 80% VO2max.

Negative consequences of intercollegiate athlete drinking: the role of drinking motives.

Objective: Intercollegiate athletes consume more alcohol and experience more negative alcohol-related consequences than nonathletes. The purpose of this study was to determine if drinking motives accounted for variability among intercollegiate athletes in experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences, and to analyze how the strength and patterns of the relationship between individual drinking motives and negative consequences varied among the different consequences.

Method: Self-report data were analyzed on 206 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes (55% female), selected from a large, midwestern university, who reported drinking alcohol in the past year.

Measuring motivations for intercollegiate athlete alcohol use: a confirmatory factor analysis of the drinking motives measure.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Drinking Motives Measure (DMM) on a sample of 227 collegiate athletes. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the 4-factor structure of the DMM provided a better fit than either 2- or 1-factor models, but the overall fit of the 4-factor model was moderate at best. A revised 3-factor model consistent with prior research (M.

Changes in LPLa and reverse cholesterol transport variables during 24-h postexercise period.

We investigated the time course of exercise-induced lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLa) and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) during the 24-h postexercise period. Subjects were 10 sedentary normolipidemic males [NTG; fasting triglyceride (TG) = 89.1 +/- 8.

Aflatoxin BS: Revised Structure for the Sodium Sulfonate Formed by Destruction of Aflatoxin B with Sodium Bisulfite , .

A promising method for the destruction of aflatoxin B in commodities is treatment with sodium bisulfite to yield a single major product, aflatoxin BS. On the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet and infrared spectra, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, deuterium labeling and stability to highly acidic conditions, the structure of aflatoxin BS was established as the 15 α-sodium sulfonate of aflatoxin B The formation of aflatoxin B products substituted at the 15 position only is unprecedented and implies an unusual mechanism. The formation of a single addition product under conditions that seemingly rule out a previously proposed free radical mechanism suggested a newly proposed ionic reaction mechanism.