A Probabilistic Modeling Framework for the Prediction of Spontaneous Premature Beats and Reentry Initiation.

Background: Spontaneously occurring life threatening reentrant arrhythmias result when a propagating premature beat encounters a region with significant dispersion of refractoriness. Although localized structural tissue heterogeneities and prescribed cell functional gradients have been incorporated into computational electrophysiological models, a quantitative framework for the evolution from normal to abnormal behavior that occurs via disease is lacking.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a probabilistic modeling framework that represents the complex interplay of cell function and tissue structure in health and disease which predicts the emergence of premature beats and the initiation of reentry.

Corrigendum: Preparing correctional settings for the next pandemic: a modeling study of COVID-19 outbreaks in two high-income countries.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.

Predictors of study dropout in cognitive-behavioural therapy with a trauma focus for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Available empirical evidence on participant-level factors associated with dropout from psychotherapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is both limited and inconclusive. More comprehensive understanding of the various factors that contribute to study dropout from cognitive-behavioural therapy with a trauma focus (CBT-TF) is crucial for enhancing treatment outcomes.

Objective: Using an individual participant data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) design, we examined participant-level predictors of study dropout from CBT-TF interventions for PTSD.

Fast interactive simulations of cardiac electrical activity in anatomically accurate heart structures by compressing sparse uniform cartesian grids.

Background And Objective: Numerical simulations are valuable tools for studying cardiac arrhythmias. Not only do they complement experimental studies, but there is also an increasing expectation for their use in clinical applications to guide patient-specific procedures. However, numerical studies that solve the reaction-diffusion equations describing cardiac electrical activity remain challenging to set up, are time-consuming, and in many cases, are prohibitively computationally expensive for long studies.

Effect of behavioural activation for individuals with post-stroke depression: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous research showed that behavioural activation is as effective as cognitive-behavioural therapy for general depression. However, it remains unclear if it leads to greater improvement in depressive symptoms when compared with standard treatment for post-stroke depression.

Aims: To compare the effectiveness of behavioural activation against control conditions in reducing depression symptoms in individuals with post-stroke depression.

The cost-effectiveness of integrating simplified HCV testing into HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and treatment services among men who have sex with men in Taiwan.

Background: Simplified hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing integrated into existing HIV services has the potential to improve HCV diagnoses and treatment. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of integrating different simplified HCV testing strategies into existing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and treatment services among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Taiwan.

Methods: Mathematical modeling was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of integrating simplified HCV tests (point-of-care antibody, reflex RNA, or immediate point-of-care RNA) with HCV treatment into existing HIV prevention and care for MSM from a healthcare perspective.

Behavioural activation for people in custody with depression: A protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled study.

People in custody are at high risk of developing depression. Accessing psychological treatments in a prison setting is a particular challenge, in part, due to difficulties accessing specialist mental health workers. Behavioural Activation (BA) may be helpful in improving health outcomes for people in custody experiencing depressive symptoms.

Controlling COVID-19 outbreaks in the correctional setting: A mathematical modelling study.

Correctional centres (termed here 'prisons') are at high risk of COVID-19 and have featured major outbreaks worldwide. Inevitable close contacts, frequent inmate movements, and a disproportionate burden of co-morbidities mean these environments need to be prioritised in any public health response to respiratory pathogens such as COVID-19. We developed an individual-based SARS-CoV-2 transmission model for the prison system in New South Wales, Australia - incorporating all 33 correctional centres, 13,458 inmates, 578 healthcare and 6,909 custodial staff.

Efficacy of behavioural activation in the treatment of negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review.

Background: Negative symptoms, frequently experienced by people with schizophrenia, can impair functional outcomes and quality of life. Negative symptoms typically affect motivation, communication, and the ability to live independently and are difficult to treat. Several meta-analyses suggest that cognitive behavioural therapy results in a modest reduction in negative symptoms.

Australian trial of behavioural activation for people with schizophrenia experiencing negative symptoms: a feasibility randomised controlled trial protocol.

Introduction: Negative symptoms are frequently experienced by people with schizophrenia. People with negative symptoms often have impaired social functioning and reduced quality of life. There is some evidence that cognitive-behavioural therapy results in a modest reduction in negative symptoms.

Impact of simplified HCV diagnostic strategies on the HCV epidemic among men who have sex with men in the era of HIV oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in Taiwan: a modelling study.

Introduction: Simplified hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnostic strategies have the potential to improve HCV diagnoses and treatment. We aimed to investigate the impact of simplified HCV diagnostic strategies on HCV incidence and its effect on HCV diagnosis and treatment among men who have sex with men (MSM) regardless of HIV status and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Taiwan.

Methods: A compartmental deterministic model was developed to describe the natural history of HCV disease progression, the HCV care cascade and the HIV status and PrEP using among MSM.

Association between the Quantity of Nurse-Doctor Interprofessional Collaboration and in-Patient Mortality: A Systematic Review.

The level of nurse-doctor interprofessional collaboration may influence patient outcomes, including mortality. To date, no systematic reviews have investigated the association between the quantity of nurse-doctor interprofessional collaboration and inpatient mortality. A systematic review was conducted.

The association between the Police, Ambulance, Clinician Early Response model and involuntary detentions of people living with mental illness: A retrospective observational study.

Unlabelled: WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Involuntary detention is a legislative power that allows people to be taken against their will for a mandatory mental health assessment and is known to be a restrictive and traumatizing process for patients. While there is some literature examining police/ambulance and mental health worker co-response models, the conclusions are mixed as to whether they reduce rates of involuntary detentions in mentally ill people. The Police, Ambulance, Clinician Early Response (PACER) model is an example of a tri-response mental health crisis response team whose role is to respond and assess people thought to be experiencing a mental health crisis.

Preparing correctional settings for the next pandemic: a modeling study of COVID-19 outbreaks in two high-income countries.

Introduction: Correctional facilities are high-priority settings for coordinated public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. These facilities are at high risk of disease transmission due to close contacts between people in prison and with the wider community. People in prison are also vulnerable to severe disease given their high burden of co-morbidities.

Outcomes of Best-Practice Guided Digital Mental Health Interventions for Youth and Young Adults with Emerging Symptoms: Part I. A Systematic Review of Socioemotional Outcomes and Recommendations.

Youth-specific digital mental health interventions (DMHI) represent an emerging field of study, and aim to increase access, improve socioemotional outcomes, and, where required, support triage to targeted interventions. However, prior reviews have reported inconsistent findings on the clinical effectiveness of such interventions in young adults (12-25 years). Further, shortfalls remain for the impact of guided interventions based on the mode of delivery and the type of human support personnel (e.

Public involvement in Australian clinical trials: A systematic review.

Background: Public involvement enhances the relevance, quality, and impact of research. There is some evidence that public involvement in Australian research lags other countries, such as the United Kingdom. The purpose of the systematic review was to establish the rates and describe the characteristics of public involvement in Australian clinical trials.

Preventing hospital falls: feasibility of care workforce redesign to optimise patient falls education.

Objective: To examine the feasibility of using allied health assistants to deliver patient falls prevention education within 48 h after hospital admission.

Design And Setting: Feasibility study with hospital patients randomly allocated to usual care or usual care plus additional patient falls prevention education delivered by supervised allied health assistants using an evidence-based scripted conversation and educational pamphlet.

Participants: (i) allied health assistants and (ii) patients admitted to participating hospital wards over a 20-week period.

Effect of Behavioral Activation for Women with Postnatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Evidence shows that behavioral activation (BA), a simple form of psychological therapy, is as effective as the more complex psychological therapy-cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-in treating general depression. However, it remains unclear whether BA when compared with treatment-as-usual (TAU) has greater contributions in reducing postnatal depression. This systematic review compared the effect of BA versus TAU in reducing depression symptoms among postnatal women.

Encrypted federated learning for secure decentralized collaboration in cancer image analysis.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has a multitude of applications in cancer research and oncology. However, the training of AI systems is impeded by the limited availability of large datasets due to data protection requirements and other regulatory obstacles. Federated and swarm learning represent possible solutions to this problem by collaboratively training AI models while avoiding data transfer.

Professional care workforce: a rapid review of evidence supporting methods of recruitment, retention, safety, and education.

Background: Across the care economy there are major shortages in the health and care workforce, as well as high rates of attrition and ill-defined career pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate current evidence regarding methods to improve care worker recruitment, retention, safety, and education, for the professional care workforce.

Methods: A rapid review of comparative interventions designed to recruit, retain, educate and care for the professional workforce in the following sectors: disability, aged care, health, mental health, family and youth services, and early childhood education and care was conducted.