Over more than the past century, reports that chromosomes in Eukaryotes are linked have been published. Recently this has been confirmed by micromanipulation. The chromolinkers are DNAse sensitive, as has been previously reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs development varies greatly across the tree of life, it may seem difficult to suggest a model that proposes a single mechanism for understanding collective cell behaviors and the coordination of tissue formation. Here we propose a mechanism called differentiation waves, which unify many disparate results involving developmental systems from across the tree of life. We demonstrate how a relatively simple model of differentiation proceeds not from function-related molecular mechanisms, but from so-called differentiation waves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid host-protein test for differentiating bacterial from viral infections in patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) or urgent care center (UCC).
Methods: This was a prospective multicenter, blinded study. MeMed BV (MMBV), a test based on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interferon gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP), was measured using a rapid measurement platform.
The actualization of high strength and ductility in alloys, in addition to providing strong, formable materials, can lead to reduced weights in practical applications. However, increasing strength typically comes at the cost of lowering the ductility and vice-versa, referred to as the strength-ductility trade-off. In this work, we investigate the thermo-mechanical response of a 3-element multifunctional NiTi-Nb nanocomposite material that overcomes this trade-off, as it exhibits a high strength of 980 MPa and an ultrahigh ductility of 58% at fracture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn open process of evolution of multicellular organisms is based on the rearrangement and growth of the program of differentiation that underlies biological morphogenesis. The maintenance of the final (adult) stable non-equilibrium state (stasis) of a developmental system determines the direction of the evolutionary process. This state is achieved via the sequence of differentiation events representable as differentiation trees.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta resulting in an irreversible and a debilitating motor dysfunction. Though both genetic and idiopathic factors are implicated in the disease etiology, idiopathic PD comprise the majority of clinical cases and is caused by exposure to environmental toxicants and oxidative stress. Fyn kinase activation has been identified as an early molecular signaling event that primes neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative events associated with dopaminergic cell death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We sought to describe prehospital ultrasound (PHUS) use and trends in PHUS utilization over time using a national database.
Methods: Using the 2018 - 2021 National Emergency Medical Services Information System databases, we identified those EMS activations where PHUS was performed. We evaluated the association between year and number of PHUS exams performed using univariable and multivariable regression analysis.
RRx-001 is a shape shifting small molecule with Fast Track designation for the prevention/amelioration of chemoradiation-induced severe oral mucositis (SOM) in newly diagnosed Head and Neck cancer. It has been intentionally developed or "engineered" as a chimeric single molecular entity that targets multiple redox-based mechanisms. Like an antibody drug conjugate (ADC), RRx-001 contains, at one end a "targeting" moiety, which binds to the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibits it as well as Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), the negative regulator of Nrf2, and, at the other end, a conformationally constrained, dinitro containing 4 membered ring, which fragments under conditions of hypoxia and reduction to release therapeutically active metabolites i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe AstroScience Exploration Network (ASEN) is the latest innovative initiative from the Network of Researchers on the Chemical Emergence of Life (NoRCEL). Materializing on the vibrancy of the African continent, recognizing its people as a key asset, and building on specific strategic advantages, ASEN will funnel the appetite for scientific knowledge through an educational hub that paves the way for the Global South to come to the fore in new global endeavors and will eventually help build a variety of career paths in a diversifying economy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe have replicated our original finding of elevated cleaved caspase-1 in mouse brains and neuroprotection by an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor in two mouse models of Parkinson's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe embryological view of development is that coordinated gene expression, cellular physics and migration provides the basis for phenotypic complexity. This stands in contrast with the prevailing view of embodied cognition, which claims that informational feedback between organisms and their environment is key to the emergence of intelligent behaviours. We aim to unite these two perspectives as , in which morphogenetic symmetry breaking produces specialized organismal subsystems which serve as a substrate for the emergence of autonomous behaviours.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic unresolving inflammation is emerging as a key underlying pathological feature of many if not most diseases ranging from autoimmune conditions to cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Dysregulated immune and inflammasome activation is thought to be the central driver of unresolving inflammation, which in some ways provides a unified theory of disease pathology and progression. Inflammasomes are a group of large cytosolic protein complexes that, in response to infection- or stress-associated stimuli, oligomerize and assemble to generate a platform for driving inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Mueller, Siddon and Joseph weighting algorithms are frequently used for projection and back-projection, which are relatively complicated when they are implemented in computer code.
Objective: This study aims to reduce the actual complexity of the projection and back-projection.
Methods: First, we neglect the exact shape of the pixel, so that its shadow is a rectangle projecting precisely to a detector bin, which implies that all the pixel weights are exactly 1 for each ray through them, otherwise are exactly 0.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol
October 2022
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that are mainly present in resident and infiltrating immune cells in the central nervous system. Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors of immunometabolic stress, infection and changes in the local microenvironment. Inflammasome assembly in response to these 'danger signals', triggers recruitment and cluster-dependent activation of caspase-1 and the subsequent proteolytic activation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic sterile inflammation and persistent immune activation is a prominent pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Inflammasomes are multi-protein intracellular signaling complexes which orchestrate inflammatory responses in immune cells to a diverse range of pathogens and host-derived signals. Widespread inflammasome activation is evident in PD patients at the sites of dopaminergic degeneration as well as in blood samples and mucosal biopsies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrganic solvents are used for manufacturing herbal medicines and can be detected as residues of such processing in the final products. It is important for the safety of consumers to control these solvent residues. South African cannabis-based product samples were analysed for solvent residue contaminants as classified by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), chapter 467.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Recent clinical trials have failed to identify a benefit of antiarrhythmic administration during cardiac arrest. However, little is known regarding the time to administration of antiarrhythmic drugs in clinical practice or its impact on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We utilized a national EMS registry to evaluate the time of drug administration and association with ROSC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlgal culturing in photobioreactors for biofuel and other value-added products is a challenge globally specifically due to expensive closed or open photobioreactors associated with the high cost, problems of water loss and contamination. Among the wide varieties of microalgae, diatoms have come out as potential source for crude oil in the form of Diafuel™ (biofuel from diatoms). However, culturing diatoms at large scale hypothesized as diatom solar panels for biofuel production is still facing a need for facile and economical production of value-added products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The predictive accuracy and clinical role of the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exam in pediatric blunt abdominal trauma are uncertain. This study investigates the performance of the emergency department (ED) FAST exam to predict early surgical intervention and subsequent free fluid (FF) in pediatric trauma patients.
Methods: Pediatric level 1 trauma patients ages 0 to 15 years with blunt torso trauma at a single trauma center were retrospectively reviewed.
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes expressed in immune cells that function as intracellular sensors of environmental, metabolic and cellular stress. Inflammasome activation in the brain, has been shown to drive neuropathology and disease progression by multiple mechanisms, making it one of the most attractive therapeutic targets for disease modification in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Extensive inflammasome activation is evident in the brains of people with PD at the sites of dopaminergic degeneration and synuclein aggregation.
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