A case-control study of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor use and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among male and female patients aged 65 years and older supporting the need for a phase III clinical trial.

Background: Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) have been evaluated as a novel treatment for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), but two recent cohort studies have offered opposing conclusions.

Methods: We performed an unmatched case-control study using electronic medical records from a large healthcare system to evaluate the association of PDE5i use and ADRD in patients ≥65 years old.

Results: Odds of PDE5i exposure were 64.