Non-, a Treatable Provocateur of Parkinson's Disease: Hypothesis, Evidence and Species Specificity.

Epidemiological and eradication trial evidence indicates that , a major causative factor in peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, is a driver of the hypokinesia of Parkinson's disease (PD). Psychological (cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety) and gastrointestinal (peptic ulceration and constipation) PD features can precede the symptomatic onset of motor features by decades. We hypothesise that the non- (NHPH), which have farm, companion and wild animals as their main hosts, can have a role in PD aetiopathogenesis.

IFOMPT's Educational Standards and International Monitoring: A member survey and review.

Background: The International Federation of Manual and Musculoskeletal Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) membership requires accreditation of countries postgraduate musculoskeletal physiotherapy programmes to meet IFOMPT's Educational Standards through International Monitoring. The Educational Standards and International Monitoring are both being reviewed.

Objectives: To seek insight and feedback from IFOMPT's membership on the Educational Standards and International Monitoring to inform the current review.

Fire, environmental and anthropogenic controls on pantropical tree cover.

Explaining tropical tree cover distribution in areas of intermediate rainfall is challenging, with fire's role in limiting tree cover particularly controversial. We use a novel Bayesian approach to provide observational constraints on the strength of the influence of humans, fire, rainfall seasonality, heat stress, and wind throw on tropical tree cover. Rainfall has the largest relative impact on tree cover (11.

Shared neutrophil and T cell dysfunction is accompanied by a distinct interferon signature during severe febrile illnesses in children.

Severe febrile illnesses in children encompass life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by diverse pathogens and other severe inflammatory syndromes. A comparative approach to these illnesses may identify shared and distinct features of host immune dysfunction amenable to immunomodulation. Here, using immunophenotyping with mass cytometry and cell stimulation experiments, we illustrate trajectories of immune dysfunction in 74 children with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2, 30 with bacterial infection, 16 with viral infection, 8 with Kawasaki disease, and 42 controls.

Development of an Ultrasound Imaging Atlas for Grading Osteoarthritis in the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint.

Objective: Ultrasound (US) imaging may play a fundamental role in the earlier detection and assessment of first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) osteoarthritis (OA) because of its ability to depict tissue-specific morphologic changes before the point of irreversible structural damage. However, the role of US in supporting the diagnosis of OA in foot joints has not been clearly defined. The aims of this study were to develop a semiquantitative US atlas (the AUT ultrasound imaging [AUTUSI] atlas) to grade the degree of osteoarthritic change in the first MTPJ and to evaluate the intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility of using the atlas.

Double-negative B cells and DNASE1L3 colocalise with microbiota in gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

Intestinal homeostasis is maintained by the response of gut-associated lymphoid tissue to bacteria transported across the follicle associated epithelium into the subepithelial dome. The initial response to antigens and how bacteria are handled is incompletely understood. By iterative application of spatial transcriptomics and multiplexed single-cell technologies, we identify that the double negative 2 subset of B cells, previously associated with autoimmune diseases, is present in the subepithelial dome in health.

Reliability of an ultrasound imaging acquisition procedure for examining osteoarthritis in the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

Objective: Given the ability of ultrasound imaging (USI) to depict tissue-specific morphological changes before the onset of pain and before the point of irreversible structural damage, USI could play a fundamental role in earlier detection and assessment of foot osteoarthritis (OA). The current guidelines require further refinement of anatomical landmarks to establish a standardized imaging procedure to improve the interpretability and reproducibility between studies evaluating the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). The aims were to develop an USI acquisition procedure and grading system to examine OA features in the first MTPJ and to determine intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability of a newly developed USI acquisition procedure.

Breast Cancer Method of Detection: 5-Year Outcomes Across a Multisite Health Care Enterprise.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of radiologists categorizing the method of detection (MOD) when performing image-guided breast biopsies.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted across a health care enterprise that provides breast imaging services at 18 imaging sites across four US states. Radiologists used standardized templates to categorize the MOD, defined as the first test, sign, or symptom that triggered the subsequent workup and recommendation for biopsy.

Genetic and immune landscape evolution in MMR-deficient colorectal cancer.

Mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) colorectal cancers (CRCs) have high mutation burdens, which make these tumours immunogenic and many respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The MMRd hypermutator phenotype may also promote intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) and cancer evolution. We applied multiregion sequencing and CD8 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunostaining to systematically investigate ITH and how genetic and immune landscapes coevolve.

Pasteurella sp. associated with fatal septicaemia in six African elephants.

The sudden mortality of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Botswana and Zimbabwe in 2020 provoked considerable public interest and speculation. Poaching and malicious poisoning were excluded early on in the investigation. Other potential causes included environmental intoxication, infectious diseases, and increased habitat stress due to ongoing drought.

Associations Between Gluteus Medius Trigger Points With Hip Passive Range of Movement and Muscle Strength in Adults With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between gluteus medius trigger points with hip passive range of motion and hip muscle strength in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, blinded study that took place in 2 rural communities in New Zealand. Assessments were carried out in physiotherapy clinics in these towns.

Tumor-activated lymph node fibroblasts suppress T cell function in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Recent transcriptomic-based analysis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has highlighted the clinical relevance of LN fibroblast and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) signatures within the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the immunomodulatory role of fibroblasts in lymphoma remains unclear. Here, by studying human and mouse DLBCL-LNs, we identified the presence of an aberrantly remodeled fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network expressing elevated fibroblast-activated protein (FAP).

Exploring the current and future osteoarthritis health service delivery needs in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Aim: Osteoarthritis (OA) affects the wellbeing of one in 10 people in Aotearoa New Zealand, yet current healthcare delivery for these people is fragmented, un-coordinated and inconsistent. How current and future needs should be addressed has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to describe the views of interested people from the health sector regarding current and future OA health service delivery in the public health system in Aotearoa New Zealand.

SCOT: Tumor Sidedness and the Influence of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Duration on Disease Free Survival (DFS).

Aim: Patients with loco-regional right-sided colorectal tumors have a worse overall survival (OS). Here we investigate the difference in disease free survival (DFS) between colorectal patients with right and left sided tumors in the SCOT study.

Methods: The SCOT study showed 3-months of oxaliplatin-containing adjuvant chemotherapy (OxFp) is non-inferior to 6-months for patients with stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer.

Validity and Reliability of 3-D Ultrasound Imaging to Measure Hamstring Muscle and Tendon Volumes.

Objective: The validity and reliability of 3-D ultrasound (US) in estimation of muscle and tendon volume was assessed in a very limited number of muscles that can be easily immersed. The objective of the present study was to assess the validity and reliability of muscle volume measurements for all hamstring muscle heads and gracilis (GR), as well as tendon volume for the semitendinosus (ST) and GR using freehand 3-D US.

Methods: Three-dimensional US acquisitions were performed for 13 participants in two distinct sessions on separate days, in addition to one session dedicated to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

International multispecialty consensus on how to image, define, and grade ultrasound imaging features of first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis, a Delphi consensus study.

Objective: To reach consensus concerning which ultrasound imaging features should be assessed and graded, and what ultrasound imaging procedure should be performed when examining osteoarthritic change in the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

Design: An online Delphi study was conducted over four iterative rounds with 16 expert health professionals. Items were scored from 0 to 100 (0 ​= ​not at all important; 100 ​= ​extremely important).

The effect of Tubigrip and a rigid belt on rectus abdominus diastasis immediately postpartum: A randomised clinical trial.

Background: Rectus abdominis (RA) diastasis is a risk factor for abdominal muscle dysfunction and reduced quality of life postpartum. It is thought that supplementary abdominal supports might reduce the diastasis. However, there is limited research assessing the efficacy of abdominal supports/binding.

Nocturnal plant respiration is under strong non-temperature control.

Most biological rates depend on the rate of respiration. Temperature variation is typically considered the main driver of daily plant respiration rates, assuming a constant daily respiration rate at a set temperature. Here, we show empirical data from 31 species from temperate and tropical biomes to demonstrate that the rate of plant respiration at a constant temperature decreases monotonically with time through the night, on average by 25% after 8 h of darkness.

Randomized controlled trial of EndoRings assisted colonoscopy versus standard colonoscopy.

Objectives: The EndoRings device is a distal attachment consisting of two layers of circular flexible rings that evert mucosal folds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether EndoRing assisted colonoscopy (ER) improves polyp and adenoma detection compared to standard colonoscopy (SC).

Methods: Multicenter, parallel group, randomized controlled trial.

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of IMMunE dysfunction and Recovery from SEpsis-related critical illness in adults: An observational cohort study (IMMERSE) protocol paper.

Sepsis is a common illness. Immune responses are considered major drivers of sepsis illness and outcomes. However, there are no proven immunomodulator therapies in sepsis.

A heteroskedastic model of Park Grass spring hay yields in response to weather suggests continuing yield decline with climate change in future decades.

UK grasslands perform important environmental and economic functions, but their future productivity under climate change is uncertain. Spring hay yields from 1902 to 2016 at one site (the Park Grass Long Term Experiment) in southern England under four different fertilizer regimes were modelled in response to weather (seasonal temperature and rainfall). The modelling approach applied comprised: (1) a Bayesian model comparison to model parametrically the heteroskedasticity in a gamma likelihood function; (2) a Bayesian varying intercept multiple regression model with an autoregressive lag one process (to incorporate the effect of productivity in the previous year) of the response of hay yield to weather from 1902 to 2016.