Carotid Stenting in Neuroradiology : A Short Journey from the Past to Current Debates.

After a period of stagnation due to negative results of randomized trials for patients with symptomatic stenosis, the relevance of carotid artery stenting (CAS) is increasing again. CAS has become an important and evidence-based part of interventional stroke treatment. Our ability to manage acute recanalization of carotid occlusions and other niche indications properly led some skeptical neurologists to trust in carotid intervention for elective cases as well.

Leptomeningeal metastases in pediatrics: magnetic resonance image manifestations and correlation with cerebral spinal fluid cytology.

Background: Detection of leptomeningeal metastases is fundamental to a complete evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) or non-CNS tumor with suspected involvement of the neuroaxis. Our purpose was to assess the appearances of different magnetic resonance (MR) sequences in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases and correlate those positive findings with the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cytology results.

Methods: The authors reviewed the medical records and MR image manifestations of leptomeningeal metastases from 18 children who had positive MR findings and retrospectively correlated them with CSF cytologic results.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in children with hematogenous brain metastases from primary solid tumors.

Within a 10-year period, 4 out of 429 children with solid tumors treated at the pediatric oncology department developed brain metastases. Lesions secondary to direct extension from the skull or dura were excluded. The tumors causing brain metastases were non-small cell lung carcinoma, Wilms' tumor, osteosarcoma, und hepatoblastoma.

Contrast-enhanced MR myelography in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: description of an artefact imitating CSF leakage.

In contrast-enhanced (CE) MR myelography, hyperintense signal outside the intrathecal space in T1-weighted sequences with spectral presaturation inversion recovery (SPIR) is usually considered to be due to CSF leakage. We retrospectively investigated a hyperintense signal at the apex of the lung appearing in this sequence in patients with SIH (n = 5), CSF rhinorrhoea (n = 2), lumbar spine surgery (n = 1) and in control subjects (n = 6). Intrathecal application of contrast agent was performed in all patients before MR examination, but not in the control group.