Pyrethroid exposure biomarker 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) binds to transthyretin and is positively associated with free T3 in pregnant women.

Pyrethroids constitute a large group of insecticides widely used in agriculture, indoor environments, and in vector control. Structurally, pyrethroids resemble thyroid hormones, and have been suggested to be thyroid hormone disruptors based on experimental studies. During pregnancy, even minor disturbances in maternal levels can affect fetal brain development.

Maternal cortisol in 3rd trimester is associated with traits of neurodevelopmental disorder in offspring. Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Prenatal cortisol exposure is essential for neurodevelopment. Maternal cortisol levels could be associated with offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Aim: To investigate associations between maternal 3rd trimester cortisol and offspring traits of ASD and ADHD.

Higher free thyroxine associated with PFAS exposure in first trimester. The Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disrupting chemicals with elimination half-lives ranging from four to eight years. Experimental studies found PFAS able to interfere with thyroid hormone-binding proteins. During the first 20 weeks of gestation (GW), the fetus is reliant on placental transfer of maternal thyroid hormones, mainly free thyroxine (FT4).

Pregnancy Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Associations With Prolactin Concentrations and Breastfeeding in the Odense Child Cohort.

Context: Human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with reduced duration of breastfeeding, although not consistently so, and mechanisms by which PFAS might affect breastfeeding are unknown.

Objective: To examine the association between early pregnancy serum-PFAS concentrations and breastfeeding termination and to elucidate the potential role of serum-prolactin concentrations in pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: Pregnant women from the Odense Child Cohort provided blood samples for analysis of 5 major PFAS (n = 1300) and prolactin concentrations (n = 924).

Adapting fasting plasma glucose threshold for GDM diagnosis according to the population distribution - An approach to the Danish paradox.

Aims: To examine third trimester fasting venous plasma glucose (FVPG) according to the distribution of a Danish population of pregnant women and identify potential local FVPG thresholds for GDM diagnosis related to risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: In the observational Odense Child Cohort (OCC) study, 1516 women had FVPG measured at 27-28 weeks' gestation and were considered normal by Danish criteria and remained untreated. Maternal FVPG from OCC were standardized according to the local FVPG mean and standard deviation calibrated to data from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study.

Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and autistic- and ADHD-related symptoms in children aged 2 and5 years from the Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a non-persistent chemical with endocrine disrupting abilities used in a variety of consumer products. Fetal exposure to BPA is of concern due to the elevated sensitivity, which particularly relates to the developing brain. Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between prenatal BPA exposure and neurodevelopment, but the results have been inconclusive.

Higher blood pressure in normal weight women with PCOS compared to controls.

Objective: Obesity is considered to be the strongest predictive factor for cardio-metabolic risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the study was to compare blood pressure (BP) in normal weight women with PCOS and controls matched for age and BMI.

Methods: From a Nordic cross-sectional base of 2615 individuals of Nordic ethnicity, we studied a sub cohort of 793 normal weight women with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (512 women with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria and 281 age and BMI-matched controls).

Maternal phthalate exposure associated with decreased testosterone/LH ratio in male offspring during mini-puberty. Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Phthalates are plastic softeners with anti-androgenic properties. Prenatal exposure has led to lower testosterone (T) levels and smaller testicles in adult rats. To our knowledge, no studies have examined associations between prenatal phthalate exposure and sex hormone concentrations in infants.

Prenatal Exposures to Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Associations with Markers of Adiposity and Plasma Lipids in Infancy: An Odense Child Cohort Study.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) are repellants that cross the placental barrier, enabling interference with fetal programming. Maternal PFAA concentrations have been associated with offspring obesity and dyslipidemia in childhood and adulthood, but this association has not been studied in infancy.

Objectives: We investigated associations between maternal PFAA concentrations and repeated markers of adiposity and lipid metabolism in infancy.

Perfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure Early In Pregnancy Was Negatively Associated With Late Pregnancy Cortisone Levels.

Introduction: During pregnancy, maternal cortisol levels are increased 3-fold by the third trimester. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD, isoforms 1 and 2) regulates the balance between cortisol and cortisone levels. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported to inhibit 11β-HSD1 and more potently 11β-HSD2, which could lead to reduced levels of cortisol and more extensively cortisone.

Blood pressure and hypertension during pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Odense Child Cohort.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare blood pressure and prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and the reference group throughout pregnancy.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study was part of the prospective study Odense Child Cohort. Pregnant women were recruited from January 2010 to December 2012.

Prenatal exposure to perfluorodecanoic acid is associated with lower circulating concentration of adrenal steroid metabolites during mini puberty in human female infants. The Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Fetal programming of the endocrine system may be affected by exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAAs), as they easily cross the placental barrier. In vitro studies suggest that PFAAs may disrupt steroidogenesis. "Mini puberty" refers to a transient surge in circulating androgens, androgen precursors, and gonadotropins in infant girls and boys within the first postnatal months.

Anogenital distance in children born of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome: the Odense Child Cohort.

Study Question: Are higher testosterone levels during pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) associated with longer offspring anogenital distance (AGD)?

Summary Answer: AGD was similar in 3-month-old children born of mothers with PCOS compared to controls.

What Is Known Already: AGD is considered a marker of prenatal androgenization.

Study Design, Size, Duration: Maternal testosterone levels were measured by mass spectrometry at Gestational Week 28 in 1127 women.

Third trimester cortisol status is associated with offspring sex and polycystic ovary syndrome status: Odense Child Cohort.

Objective: To determine predictors of maternal serum (S) and urinary (U) cortisol and cortisone levels during the third trimester and to examine associations between maternal cortisol status, offspring sex, and maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) status.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: The study is part of the prospective Odense Child Cohort.

Testosterone Levels in Third Trimester in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism. In pregnancy, testosterone levels may be higher in women with PCOS compared with controls.

Aims: To compare total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in third-trimester pregnant women with PCOS and controls and to establish reference ranges for TT, FT, and SHBG in PCOS and controls.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. A narrative review and results from a prospective Danish cohort study.

Background: Insulin resistance is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS may be associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Objectives: To (1) review literature regarding PCOS and hyperglycaemia in pregnancy and (2) present original data from Odense Child Cohort (OCC) regarding GDM in PCOS.

Perfluoroalkyl substances and glycemic status in pregnant Danish women: The Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent chemicals with suspected endocrine disrupting abilities applied in consumer products. PFASs have potentially modulating effects on glucose homeostasis. Insulin resistance prevails during third trimester of pregnancy, and this challenge of glucose homeostasis may reveal putative effects of PFAS concentrations on glycemic status.