and sp. nov. associated with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis.

Two cases of phaeohyphomycotic infections were caused by , not previously identified in human infections, and one new species, , respectively. Morphological and cultural investigation as well as phylogenetic analysis was constructed based on maximum likelihood analyses using actin and -tubulin sequences to identify the fungal isolates.

A comprehensive review of nondermatophyte mould onychomycosis: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management.

Nondermatophyte moulds (NDMs) are widely distributed and can be detected in association with mycotic nails; however, sometimes it can be challenging to establish the role of NDMs in the pathogenesis of onychomycosis (i.e. causative vs.

The emergence of Trichophyton indotineae: Implications for clinical practice.

Emergence and increase of terbinafine-resistant dermatophytosis led to the identification of Trichophyton mentagrophytes internal transcriber space (ITS) genotype VIII in 2017, later renamed as Trichophyton indotineae and classified as a separate species in 2020. With its suspected origin in South Asia, this novel strain has emerged in Bahrain, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Iran, Japan, Russia, and Switzerland, with its spread attributed primarily to travel and migration. Diagnosis using routine mycology laboratory techniques is unable to distinguish T.

Monkey finger mycology? First case of otomycosis externa caused by after encounter with a monkey.

Unilateral ear pain, ear canal blockage and reduced hearing in an 18-year-old Canadian male who had travelled to India revealed, on examination of a swab, secretions bearing unusual fungal filaments visually suggestive of dermatophyte elements. Culture yielded , an unusual skin infecting species with a worldwide distribution but most often seen from India. The patient recalled swimming in the Ganges River but also had had his ear manipulated by a street monkey.

Utility of polymerase chain reaction for assessment of onychomycosis during topical therapy.

Background: Increased detection of fungi including non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods is well-established. However, the use of PCR to evaluate ongoing onychomycosis treatment outcome has not been investigated.

Methods: Nail samples from 28 patients receiving topical efinaconazole were evaluated by both KOH/culture and PCR methods across the study period.

Terbinafine Resistant Isolated in Patients With Superficial Dermatophyte Infection in Canadian Patients.

Background: type VIII (segregated as ) is a new strain of antifungal resistant spp. that has been found in different countries around the world. This new strain has been found to be resistant to terbinafine.

Assessing the Use of DNA Detection Platforms Combined with Passive Wind-Powered Spore Traps for Early Surveillance of Potato and Tomato Late Blight in Canada.

Quantitative PCR (qPCR), loop-mediated amplification (LAMP), and lateral flow strip-based recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA-LFS) assays were assessed for early detection of , the global causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, on passive wind-powered spore traps known as Spornados. Spore traps were deployed in potato and tomato fields during the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, and Ontario. All assays used DNA extracts from Spornado cassette membranes targeting the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer.

High prevalence of mixed infections in global onychomycosis.

Onychomycosis is estimated at a prevalence of 10% worldwide with the infecting organism most commonly Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum). Traditional culture identification of causative organisms has inherent risks of overestimating dermatophytes, like T.

The type isolate of a rare species as a cause of human eumycetoma.

An isolate of unknown identity that had been identified as causing eumycetoma was retained in an international culture collection, and eventually became the nomenclatural type isolate of the rarely encountered . The case featured an indurated, painless, swollen lesion on the dorsum of the foot that had developed in a Canadian resident who had previously been a farmer in Laos. Resection alone was curative.

The Protean . : Revision, Food Contaminant, and Human Disease.

is known to be regularly isolated from food and also to be a cause of human disease. Herein, we resolve some sources of confusion that have strongly hampered the accurate interpretation of these and other isolations. The recently designated type species of the genus , , is known only from a single isolate, but it is the closest known relative of what may be one of the planet's most successful organisms, , shown herein to be best called by its earliest valid name, .

Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) proposed for acceptance or rejection.

With the recent changes concerning pleomorphic fungi in the new International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), it is necessary to propose the acceptance or protection of sexual morph-typified or asexual morph-typified generic names that do not have priority, or to propose the rejection or suppression of competing names. In addition, sexual morph-typified generic names, where widely used, must be proposed for rejection or suppression in favour of asexual morph-typified names that have priority, or the latter must be proposed for conservation or protection. Some pragmatic criteria used for deciding the acceptance or rejection of generic names include: the number of name changes required when one generic name is used over another, the clarity of the generic concept, their relative frequencies of use in the scientific literature, and a vote of interested mycologists.

Comparative genome analysis of Trichophyton rubrum and related dermatophytes reveals candidate genes involved in infection.

The major cause of athlete's foot is Trichophyton rubrum, a dermatophyte or fungal pathogen of human skin. To facilitate molecular analyses of the dermatophytes, we sequenced T. rubrum and four related species, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton equinum, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum.

Internet-accessible DNA sequence database for identifying fusaria from human and animal infections.

Because less than one-third of clinically relevant fusaria can be accurately identified to species level using phenotypic data (i.e., morphological species recognition), we constructed a three-locus DNA sequence database to facilitate molecular identification of the 69 Fusarium species associated with human or animal mycoses encountered in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Phialosimplex, a new anamorphic genus associated with infections in dogs and having phylogenetic affinity to the Trichocomaceae.

Anamorphic members of the ascomycete family Trichocomaceae including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Geosmithia and Sagenomella have been reported from infections in canines. Six clinical isolates (five associated with infections in canines and one from a human source) demonstrated simple phialides producing conidia in long chains and were investigated for their potential relationship to Sagenomella chlamydospora, a known agent of canine disseminated mycosis. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and small subunit (SSU) region sequences revealed that all of the canine-associated isolates were distinct from Sagenomella species.

A dark strain in the Fusarium solani species complex isolated from primary subcutaneous sporotrichioid lesions associated with traumatic inoculation via a rose bush thorn.

Fusarium species are hyaline hyphomycetes widely distributed in nature and documented agents of both superficial and systemic infections in humans. In this paper, we report a darkly-pigmented and initially non-sporulating isolate in the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) causing a post-traumatic sporotrichoid infection in an otherwise healthy, male patient. Sequencing of multiple loci showed that the isolate represented an otherwise unknown lineage, possibly corresponding to a separate species, within the multi-species F.

The Ascomycota tree of life: a phylum-wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of fundamental reproductive and ecological traits.

We present a 6-gene, 420-species maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Ascomycota, the largest phylum of Fungi. This analysis is the most taxonomically complete to date with species sampled from all 15 currently circumscribed classes. A number of superclass-level nodes that have previously evaded resolution and were unnamed in classifications of the Fungi are resolved for the first time.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Fusarium dimerum species group.

The morphospecies Fusarium dimerum, known only from its anamorph, comprises at least 12 phylogenetically distinct species. Analyses of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) show they are taxa of the Nectriaceae (Hypocreales), related to F. domesticum and form a phylogenetically distinct clade within Fusarium.

Ethanol physiology in the warehouse-staining fungus, Baudoinia compniacensis.

The fungus Baudoinia compniacensis colonizes the exterior surfaces of a range of materials, such as buildings, outdoor furnishings, fences, signs, and vegetation, in regions subject to periodic exposure to low levels of ethanol vapour, such as those in the vicinity of distillery aging warehouses and commercial bakeries. Here we investigated the basis of ethanol metabolism in Baudoinia and investigate the role of ethanol in cell germination and growth. Germination of mycelia of Baudoinia was enhanced by up to roughly 1d exposure to low ethanol concentrations, optimally 10ppm when delivered in vapour form and 5mm in liquid form.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of new wood- and soil-inhabiting Sporothrix species in the Ophiostoma stenoceras-Sporothrix schenckii complex.

Sporothrix, one of the anamorph genera of Ophiostoma, includes the important human pathogen S. schenckii and various fungi associated with insects and sap stain of wood. A survey of fungi from wood utility poles in South Africa yielded two distinct groups of Sporothrix isolates from different geographical areas.

Semiselective isolation of the ethanol-imbibing sooty mould Baudoinia of distillery aging warehouses.

Baudoinia compniacensis is a darkly pigmented microfungus that grows conspicuously on environmental surfaces around warehouses where alcoholic spirits are stored in wooden casks. This fungus has long been ignored because its primary isolation is very difficult. The present study describes a new semiselective isolation medium for this fungus based on the use of ethanol as a sole carbon source and low levels of nitrogen and trace elements.

Physiological studies of the warehouse staining fungus, Baudoinia compniacensis.

Baudoinia compniacensis, the fungus responsible for highly conspicuous black growth on walls and other surfaces in the vicinity of distillery warehouses and commercial bakeries, has been little studied, in part because its isolation and cultivation have long been considered difficult. In the present study, basic details regarding the physiology of this organism are elucidated for the first time. It is able to utilize ethanol as a carbon source, but not other simple alcohols; glucose is also well utilized, as is the ethanol breakdown product acetate.

Efficacy of a selective isolation procedure for members of the Pseudallescheria boydii complex.

Members of the P. boydii species complex (Microascaceae) are frequently involved in human opportunistic disease. Studies indicate that the prevalent habitat of P.

First Spanish case of onychomycosis caused by Chaetomium globosum.

Members of the fungal genus Chaetomium usually colonize cellulose-containing plant remains but on rare occasions may cause opportunistic mycoses and cutaneous infection in otherwise healthy individuals. To our knowledge, there have been only five credible descriptions of onychomycosis caused by members of this genus and only two of these contained information on therapy. We describe the first case of Chaetomium globosum onychomycosis recorded in Spain.

ITS barcodes for Trichophyton tonsurans and T. equinum.

Early molecular biosystematic studies of dermatophytes created considerable confusion about the taxonomic status of the horse-associated Trichophyton equinum vis-à-vis the anthropophilic T. tonsurans. Though this matter has recently been clarified, routine identification of these species based on the commonly used ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence has been impractical.