Smart Brushing for Parallel Coordinates.

The Parallel Coordinates plot is a popular tool for the visualization of high-dimensional data. One of the main challenges when using parallel coordinates is occlusion and overplotting resulting from large data sets. Brushing is a popular approach to address these challenges.

Untreated clinical course of cerebral cavernous malformations: a prospective, population-based cohort study.

Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are prone to bleeding but the risk of intracranial haemorrhage and focal neurological deficits, and the factors that might predict their occurrence, are unclear. We aimed to quantify these risks and investigate whether they are affected by sex and CCM location.

Methods: We undertook a population-based study using multiple overlapping sources of case ascertainment (including a Scotland-wide collaboration of neurologists, neurosurgeons, stroke physicians, radiologists, and pathologists, as well as searches of registers of hospital discharges and death certificates) to identify definite CCM diagnoses first made in Scottish residents between 1999 and 2003, which study neuroradiologists independently validated.

The presentation and clinical course of intracranial developmental venous anomalies in adults: a systematic review and prospective, population-based study.

Background And Purpose: Reported risks of hemorrhage from intracranial developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) vary, so we investigated this in a systematic review and population-based study.

Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature (Ovid Medline and Embase to November 7, 2007) and selected studies of >or=20 participants with >or=1 DVA(s) that described their clinical presentation and/or their clinical course over a specified follow-up period. We also identified every adult first diagnosed with a DVA in Scotland from 1999 to 2003 and followed them in a prospective, population-based study.

Patterns of brain arteriovenous malformation treatment: prospective, population-based study.

Background And Purpose: The extent of variation in the interventional treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is unknown, so we explored patterns of treatment at 4 neuroscience centers in one European country.

Methods: We included every participant with an AVM in a prospective, population-based cohort study of adults aged >or=16 years residing in Scotland at the time of AVM diagnosis in 1999 to 2003.

Results: Only 11 (5%) of the 229 adults were not managed at a neuroscience center.

Outcome after interventional or conservative management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations: a prospective, population-based cohort study.

Background: The decision about whether to treat an unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) depends on a comparison of the estimated lifetime risk of intracranial haemorrhage with the risks of interventional treatment. We aimed to test whether outcome differs between adults who had interventional AVM treatment and those who did not.

Methods: All adults in Scotland who were first diagnosed with an unruptured AVM during 1999-2003 (n=114) entered our prospective, population-based study.

Ocular scanning and perceptual size distortion in hemispatial neglect: effects of prism adaptation and sequential stimulus presentation.

When asked to compare two lateralized shapes for horizontal size, neglect patients often indicate the left stimulus to be smaller. Gainotti and Tiacci (1971) hypothesized that this phenomenon might be related to a rightward bias in the patients' gaze. This study aimed to assess the relation between this size underestimation and oculomotor asymmetries.

Cost-utility analysis of vagus nerve stimulators for adults with medically refractory epilepsy.

Introduction: The cost-utility of vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) devices for medically refractory epilepsy has yet to be estimated.

Methods: Using a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of VNS, we estimate that six people require implantation in order for one person to experience a 50% reduction in seizure frequency. Costs averted from improved epilepsy control were ascertained from published literature.

Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS): evaluation of methods, ICD-10 coding, and potential sources of bias in a prospective, population-based cohort.

Background And Purpose: The rarity of intracranial vascular malformations (IVMs) and the infrequency of their outcomes make large, prolonged cohort studies the best means to evaluate their frequency and prognosis.

Methods: The Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS) is a prototype prospective, population-based study of adults resident in Scotland and diagnosed for the first time with an IVM after January 1, 1999. We evaluated the design of SIVMS using 2 complete years of data for adults with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain.

Prospective, population-based detection of intracranial vascular malformations in adults: the Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS).

Background And Purpose: Intracranial vascular malformations (IVMs) are an important cause of intracranial hemorrhage, epilepsy, and long-term disability in adults. There are no published prospective, population-based studies dedicated to the detection of any type of IVM (cavernous malformations, venous malformations, and arteriovenous malformations [AVMs] of the brain or dura). Therefore, we established the Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study (SIVMS) to monitor detection and long-term prognosis of people with IVMs.