Sterile abscess formation associated with depot leuprorelin acetate therapy for central precocious puberty.

We describe a case of an 8 year old girl with central precocious puberty. She was commenced on 3 monthly intramuscular depot Leuprorelin acetate therapy, as a result of which she developed sterile abscesses. She was converted to daily subcutaneous Leuprorelin acetate therapy with no recurrence of the abscesses.

Skin prick testing predicts peanut challenge outcome in previously allergic or sensitized children with low serum peanut-specific IgE antibody concentration.

Peanut allergy is transient in some children but it is not clear whether quantitating peanut-specific IgE by Skin Prick Test (SPT) adds additional information to fluorescent-enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) in discriminating between allergic and tolerant children. To investigate whether SPT with a commercial extract or fresh foods adds additional predictive information for peanut challenge in children with a low FEIA (<10 k UA/L) who were previously sensitized, or allergic to peanuts. Children from a hospital-based allergy service who were previously sensitized or allergic to peanuts were invited to undergo a peanut challenge unless they had a serum peanut-specific IgE>10 k UA/L, a previous severe reaction, or a recent reaction to peanuts (within two years).

Cytomegalovirus infection of a cutaneous ulcer in a patient with ANCA-positive vasculitis.

This case describes a patient in whom cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected a preexisting ulcer. The patient was immune-suppressed because of treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis. Specific antiviral therapy was delayed because of uncertainty as to the role of CMV, but the infection cleared and the ulcer improved promptly on institution of valganciclovir.

Low CD4+ T-cell counts in HIV patients receiving effective antiretroviral therapy are associated with CD4+ T-cell activation and senescence but not with lower effector memory T-cell function.

The adverse effects of immune activation on CD4(+) T-cell recovery and the relationship between CD4(+) T-cell counts and effector T-cell function were examined in HIV-1 patients receiving long-term effective ART. Patients with nadir CD4(+) T-cell counts <100/microl, > 12 months on ART and >6 months with <50 HIV RNA copies/ml were stratified by current CD4(+) T-cell counts and patients from the lowest (n = 15) and highest (n = 12) tertiles were studied. We assessed proliferation (Ki67), activation (HLA-DR, CD38) and replicative senescence (CD57) by flow cytometry and CD4(+) T-cell responses to CMV by IFN-gamma ELISpot.

Thymic function in severely immunodeficient HIV type 1-infected patients receiving stable and effective antiretroviral therapy.

The role of the thymus in long-term immune reconstitution has not been addressed in HIV patients who were severely immunodeficient prior to successful treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Adult HIV-1 patients (n = 78) with nadir CD4+ T cell counts <100 T cells/microl, at least 12 months on ART and 6 months of complete viral suppression (<50 HIV RNA copies/ml) were selected from a patient database. The cohort was divided according to current CD4+ T cell counts and patients from the lowest (n = 15) and highest (n = 12) tertiles were studied.

Recovery of CD4+ T Cells in HIV patients with a stable virologic response to antiretroviral therapy is associated with polymorphisms of interleukin-6 and central major histocompatibility complex genes.

We investigated whether polymorphisms in genes associated with HIV disease progression and/or immune activation affect CD4+ T-cell recovery in HIV patients who began combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) with advanced immunodeficiency and achieved stable control of plasma viremia. Patients with CD4 T-cell counts <300 cells/microL (n = 33) and >400 cells/microL (n = 37) on ART were compared. A multiple case-control logistic regression associated carriage of BAT1(1,2) or interleukin (IL)6-174(2,2) with low CD4 T-cell counts (P = 0.

A clinicopathologic review of lethal nonmelanoma skin cancers in Western Australia.

Background: Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises a heterogeneous group of cancers. A comprehensive review of NMSC mortality has not been performed previously in this region.

Objective: We sought to document the population affected by lethal NMSC, the types of tumors involved, and their histopathologic features.

Parvovirus B19 encephalitis presenting as immune restoration disease after highly active antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Illness occurring during the initial months of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus infection may be a consequence of the restoration of an immune response against opportunistic pathogens (i.e., immune restoration disease [IRD]).