A blinded, placebo-controlled study on the clinical effects of vitamin E supplementation in dogs with osteoarthritis.

Background: Vitamin E has a positive effect in the management of osteoarthritis in humans, and in a previous study of dogs. It has been suggested to decrease C-reactive protein concentrations and liver enzyme activities in humans and animals.

Objective: To assess the effect of vitamin E supplementation on lameness, pain, pain medication requirement, clinical pathology variables, and quality of life in large-breed dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis.

Haematological and biochemical reference intervals for wild green turtles (): a Bayesian approach for small sample sizes.

Animal health is directly linked to population viability, which may be impacted by anthropogenic disturbances and diseases. Reference intervals (RIs) for haematology and blood biochemistry are essential tools for the assessment of animal health. However, establishing and interpreting robust RIs for threatened species is often challenged by small sample sizes.

Diabetes Mellitus and the Kidneys.

The pathomechanisms implicated in diabetic kidney disease in people are present in dogs and cats and, in theory, could lead to renal complications in companion animals with long-standing diabetes mellitus. However, these renal complications develop during a long period, and there is little to no clinical evidence that they could lead to chronic kidney disease in companion animals.

Canine urinary lactate and cortisol metabolites in hypercortisolism, nonadrenal disease, congestive heart failure, and health.

Spontaneous hypercortisolism (HC) is a common endocrine disease of senior dogs, often overlapping in selected clinical signs and hematologic and blood biochemical abnormalities with nonadrenal diseases (NADs). HC and NAD could differentially affect cortisol metabolism, which is a complex 10-enzymatic pathway process. HC might also affect blood and urine lactate levels through its effects on mitochondrial function.

Less is more? Ultra-low carbohydrate diet and working dogs' performance.

New Zealand farm working dogs are supreme athletes that are crucial to agriculture in the region. The effects that low or high dietary carbohydrate (CHO) content might have on their interstitial glucose (IG) and activity during work are unknown. The goals of the study were to determine if the concentration of IG and delta-g (a measurement of activity) will be lower in dogs fed an ultra-low CHO high fat diet in comparison to dogs fed a high CHO low fat diet, and to determine if low concentrations of IG are followed by reduced physical activity.

One dog's waste is another dog's wealth: A pilot study of fecal microbiota transplantation in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome.

Canine acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) has been associated in some studies with Clostridioides perfringens overgrowth and toxin-mediated necrosis of the intestinal mucosa. We aimed to determine the effect of a single fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on clinical scores and fecal microbiomes of 1 and 7 dogs with AHDS from New Zealand and South Africa. We hypothesized that FMT would improve AHDS clinical scores and increase microbiota alpha-diversity and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing microbial communities' abundances in dogs with AHDS after FMT.

An alternative combination therapy with metronidazole, clindamycin and doxycycline for Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) in dogs in Hong Kong.

Babesia spp. are globally distributed hemoparasites that cause disease in many mammalian species. The species Babesia gibsoni (Asian genotype) is prevalent and endemic in many Asian countries but has also been reported in growing numbers in countries outside of Asia.

Role of electrolyte abnormalities and unmeasured anions in the metabolic acid-base abnormalities in dogs with parvoviral enteritis.

Background: The strong ion model (SIM) is an alternative paradigm in the characterization of acid-base disturbances particularly in complex disorders.

Hypothesis/objectives: To compare the acid-base changes in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (PE) using the Henderson-Hasselbalch (HH) approach, with 2 strong ion approaches.

Animals: Forty-four dogs with PE, and 16 age-matched control dogs.

Cortisol urinary metabolites in dogs with hypercortisolism, congestive heart failure, and healthy dogs: pilot investigation.

Nonadrenal diseases (NAD), including congestive heart failure (CHF), can affect the conversion of cortisone to cortisol favoring the production of cortisol's urinary downstream metabolites 5α/5β-tetrahydrocortisol (THF) relative to tetrahydrocortisone (THE). We hypothesized that healthy dogs would have lower urinary levels of cortisol, cortisone, THF, and THE than dogs with hypercortisolism (HC) or CHF, and the latter would have higher urinary levels of THF and lower THE than dogs with HC. Four, 9, and 8 dogs with HC, CHF, and normal health, respectively, were included in a pilot prospective cross-sectional study.

Association between computed tomographic thoracic injury scores and blood gas and acid-base balance in dogs with blunt thoracic trauma.

Objective: To determine the association between thoracic injuries evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and arterial blood gas and acid-base status in dogs with blunt thoracic trauma caused by motor vehicle accidents.

Design: Prospective observational clinical study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Videofluoroscopy, CT angiography, and ultrasonography of congenital esophageal stenosis in a Labrador retriever.

A 7-week-old Labrador retriever presented for further investigation into acute onset regurgitation, following weaning from liquid to solid food. A videofluoroscopic swallow study demonstrated a severe, focal esophageal dilation in the mid-cervical region, with marked luminal narrowing distally. Computed tomography with angiography revealed esophageal stenosis, extending from C4-T2, secondary to circumferential esophageal wall thickening.

The Site of Bone Marrow Acquisition Affects the Myeloid to Erythroid Ratio in Apparently Healthy Dogs.

Bone marrow (BM) cytology and histopathology are complementary tools used to investigate hematological diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are site-dependent differences in the diagnostic quality, myeloid to erythroid ratio (MER), and discordant findings in samples from different sites in the same dog. Eighteen apparently healthy dogs were used in the study.

Haemangiosarcoma of the os penis in a dog: The most common neoplasm of the canine penis.

A castrated 9-year-old intact male boerboel cross-breed dog was presented with a month-long history of stranguria. On physical examination, a mass was noted at the caudal extremity of the os penis. Haematology, serum chemistry and urinalysis were all unremarkable.

Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, progression and diagnosis of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.

A number of key questions remain unanswered in the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). As MMVD typically afflicts small-breed dogs, a genetic basis has been implied. In addition, the fact that not all dogs within a risk group develop MMVDis still unexplained.

Medical management of myxomatous mitral valve disease: An evidence-based veterinary medicine approach.

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common heart disease of dogs. The current management of MMVD in dogs is mostly pharmacological, and the recommendations for treatment are based on a number of veterinary studies. Notwithstanding the current consensus regarding the medical management of MMVD, there remains active debate as to which drugs are the most effective.

Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, progression and diagnosis of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs.

A number of key questions remain unanswered in the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitralvalve disease (MMVD). As MMVD typically afflicts small-breed dogs, a genetic basis hasbeen implied. In addition, the fact that not all dogs within a risk group develop MMVDis still unexplained.

The central role of chloride in the metabolic acid-base changes in canine parvoviral enteritis.

The acid-base disturbances in canine parvoviral (CPV) enteritis are not well described. In addition, the mechanisms causing these perturbations have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to assess acid-base changes in puppies suffering from CPV enteritis, using a modified strong ion model (SIM).

Insights into metal borohydride and aluminohydride bonding: X-ray and neutron diffraction structures and a DFT and charge density study of [Na(15-crown-5)][EH(4)] (E = B, Al).

The neutron and X-ray structures of [Na(15-crown-5)][BH(4)] and [Na(15-crown-5)][AlH(4)], respectively, are reported, along with a topological analysis of their DFT-computed charge densities that explores the bonding between the anionic complex hydride [EH(4)](-) (E = B, Al) and the counterion [Na(15-crown-5)](+). In each case, the interaction is weak and mainly electrostatic in nature; however, notable differences are observed in the manner in which [BH(4)](-) and [AlH(4)](-) bind to the metal, which explains their different coordination modes. A range of unconventional E-H···H-C contacts is revealed to play an important role in the overall bonding and crystal packing of both complexes.

Can P-H sigma-bond complexes be prepared? A computational study by DFT and AIM methods.

A series of complexes of general formula [CpMn(CO)(2)(eta(2)-HPR(1)R(2).BCl(3))] has been studied by DFT calculations and topological analyses of the charge density thus derived. The 21 complexes included in this study exhibit closely similar Mn-H-P geometries, in spite of a wide range of substituents (R(1); R(2)) at the phosphorus atom.

A structural study of [CpM(CO)3H] (M = Cr, Mo and W) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations: sterically crowded yet surprisingly flexible molecules.

The single-crystal X-ray structures of the complexes [CpCr(CO)3H] 1, [CpMo(CO)3H] 2 and [CpW(CO)3H] 3 are reported. The results indicate that 1 adopts a structure close to a distorted three-legged piano stool geometry, whereas a conventional four-legged piano stool arrangement is observed for 2 and 3. Further insight into the equilibrium geometries and potential energy surfaces of all three complexes was obtained by DFT calculations.