Goldmann's equation and clinical measures of aqueous dynamics.

Goldmann's equation has served for over 50 years as an adequate description of aqueous humor dynamics for clinical applications. Recent advances in therapeutics for glaucoma have made it necessary to revise the equation and to reinterpret the meanings of its parameters.

Effect of ibopamine on aqueous humor production in normotensive humans.

Purpose: Ibopamine is a prodrug of epinine (deoxyepinephrine) that exhibits activity at dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors. Topical ocular application has been shown to cause mydriasis without cycloplegia and to increase the rate of aqueous humor flow in normotensive human eyes. Mydriasis can interfere with the measurement of aqueous flow.

Targeting outflow facility in glaucoma management.

Glaucoma is often characterized by decreased pressure-sensitive aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork. This defect in pressure-sensitive aqueous outflow is evident from the low tonographic facility of outflow ("C") measured in many patients. The impairment in outflow facility causes the high intraocular pressure (IOP) and large diurnal IOP fluctuations often found in glaucoma.

Pupillary response to four concentrations of pilocarpine in normal subjects: application to testing for Adie tonic pupil.

Purpose: To determine the amount of pupillary constriction to four different concentrations of pilocarpine in normal human subjects and to determine if pupillary constriction correlates with bioavailability of the instilled concentrations. The amount of pupillary constriction to dilute pilocarpine is utilized as a diagnostic test for Adie tonic pupil as distinguished from a normal pupil response.

Design: Twenty healthy volunteers had automated binocular infrared pupillography in the dark after instillation of four different concentrations of dilute pilocarpine.