Room temperature 3D carbon microprinting.

Manufacturing custom three-dimensional (3D) carbon functional materials is of utmost importance for applications ranging from electronics and energy devices to medicine, and beyond. In lieu of viable eco-friendly synthesis pathways, conventional methods of carbon growth involve energy-intensive processes with inherent limitations of substrate compatibility. The yearning to produce complex structures, with ultra-high aspect ratios, further impedes the quest for eco-friendly and scalable paths toward 3D carbon-based materials patterning.

Piezoelectric harvesting of mechanical energy for redox chemistry.

Much work has been done in the utilization of mechanical force to enable chemical processes. However, this process is limited to thermal- and deformation-driven reactions. In fact, the transfer of energy in mechanical reactors can be quite inefficient, with energy lost to heat and mechanical deformation.

Enhancing Infrared Light-Matter Interaction for Deterministic and Tunable Nanomachining of Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Tailoring two-dimensional (2D) materials functionalities is closely intertwined with defect engineering. Conventional methods do not offer the necessary control to locally introduce and study defects in 2D materials, especially in non-vacuum environments. Here, an infrared pulsed laser focused under the metallic tip of an atomic force microscope cantilever is used to create nanoscale defects in hexagonal boron nitride (-BN) and to subsequently investigate the induced lattice distortions by means of nanoscale infrared (nano-IR) spectroscopy.

Methanol carbonylation to acetaldehyde on Au particles supported by single-layer MoSgrown on silica.

Homogenous single-layer MoSfilms coated with sub-single layer amounts of gold are found to isolate the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide, the fundamental step toward higher alcohols, from an array of possible surface reactions. Active surfaces were prepared from homogenous single-layer MoSfilms coated with sub-single layer amounts of gold. These gold atoms formed clusters on the MoSsurface.

The Dura Split Technique in the Treatment of Craniosynostosis: Is It Still an Option?

Background: The aim of this study was to report the outcome and the complications for patients operated on for craniosynostosis using the dura split technique. Specifically, the authors aimed to evaluate the safety of this technique, which is currently not in use, and to determine whether it is still useable.

Methods: The data was collected from the hospital patient records of all children surgically treated for craniosynostosis using the dura split technique in Turku University Hospital during the period 1975 to 2015.

Elucidating the differences in oxidation of high-performance α- and β- diisobutylene biofuels via Synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry.

Biofuels are a promising ecologically viable and renewable alternative to petroleum fuels, with the potential to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. However, biomass sourced fuels are often produced as blends of hydrocarbons and their oxygenates. Such blending complicates the implementation of these fuels in combustion applications.

Clinical outcomes associated with the use of the NexSite hemodialysis catheter with new exit barrier technology: Results from a prospective, observational multi-center registry study.

Purpose: Decreasing the risk of catheter related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) remains a key focus for improving outcomes and reducing cost of care for hemodialysis (HD) patients. Recent studies demonstrate CRBSI rates can be improved by managing bacterial colonization at the catheter exit site. Herein we present the results of a study documenting the clinical performance of the NexSite HD catheter, a new tunneled central venous catheter which incorporates Exit Site Management (ESM) technology.

Mechanochemical routes for the synthesis of acetyl- and bis-(imino)pyridine ligands and organometallics.

Organometallic precatalysts play a pivotal role in organic synthesis. However, their preparation often relies on multiple time, energy, and solvent intensive steps, including the synthesis of supporting organic ligand structures, and finally installation on the desired metal centres. We report the sustainable mechanochemical synthesis of acetyl- and bis-(imino)pyridine pincer complexes, a ubiquitous ligand class for organometallic precatalysts.

A Solvent-Free Approach for Converting Cellulose Waste into Volatile Organic Compounds with Endophytic Fungi.

Simple sugars produced from a solvent-free mechanocatalytic degradation of cellulose were evaluated for suitability as a growth medium carbon source for fungi that produce volatile organic compounds. An endophytic sp. (CI-4) known to produce volatiles having potential value as fuels was initially evaluated.

Heterogeneous Metal-Free Hydrogenation over Defect-Laden Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Catalytic hydrogenation is an important process used for the production of everything from foods to fuels. Current heterogeneous implementations of this process utilize metals as the active species. Until recently, catalytic heterogeneous hydrogenation over a metal-free solid was unknown; implementation of such a system would eliminate the health, environmental, and economic concerns associated with metal-based catalysts.

Mechanochemical synthesis of an organometallic compound: a high volume manufacturing method.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursor chemicals are held to some of the highest purity levels in industry. Many metal reagents form stable, unbreakable adducts with the coordinating solvents that are necessary for solvating highly polar reagents. These adducts are undesirable and must be removed prior to usage.

The scalability in the mechanochemical syntheses of edge functionalized graphene materials and biomass-derived chemicals.

Mechanochemical approaches to chemical synthesis offer the promise of improved yields, new reaction pathways and greener syntheses. Scaling these syntheses is a crucial step toward realizing a commercially viable process. Although much work has been performed on laboratory-scale investigations little has been done to move these approaches toward industrially relevant scales.

Size controlled mechanochemical synthesis of ZrSi2.

Mechanochemical metathesis reactions were utilized to synthesize nanocrystalline ZrSi(2) ranging from 9-30 nm in size. Size was controlled through dilution with CaCl(2). A linear relationship was found between diluent concentration and crystallite size.

Synthesis and crystal structure of cubic Ca16Si17N34.

Since the late 1960s, the exact structure of cubic calcium silicon nitride has been a source of debate. This paper offers evidence that the cubic phase CaSiN(2) described in the literature is actually Ca(16)Si(17)N(34). Presented here is a method for synthesizing single crystals of cubic-calcium silicon nitride from calcium nitride and elemental silicon under flowing nitrogen at 1500 °C.

Coronary artery disease in a young USAF pilot: screening for premature artherosclerosis.

Introduction: Clinically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in military and civilian pilots may result in disasterous consequences. Pilots with undiagnosed CAD occasionally suffer acute coronary syndrome (ACS) inflight. In single-pilot operations, ACS often ends in crew and passenger fatality.

From cure to care: assessing the ethical and professional learning needs of medical learners in a care-based facility.

The purpose of this study was to assess the ethical and professional learning needs of medical trainees on clinical placements at a care-based facility, as they shifted from acute care to care-based philosophy. Using qualitative data analysis and grounded theory techniques, 12 medical learners and five clinical supervisors were interviewed. Five themes emerged as learning needs: the holistic approach to care, withdrawal of treatment and withholding investigations, the collaborative team model, violations to patient autonomy, Do Not Resuscitate and advance directives issues.

Mechanochemical synthesis of alkaline Earth carbides and intercalation compounds.

High-energy ball milling has been successfully employed to produce alkaline earth carbides from the elements. In particular, CaC(2) yields of up to 98% can be realized in as little as 12 h. Similarly, the carbides of Mg (39% yield), Sr (87% yield), and Ba (82% yield) have been prepared.

Predictors of driving ability following stroke: a systematic review.

Background And Purpose: The objective of this review is to identify the most consistent predictors of driving ability post stroke.

Method: A computerized search of numerous databases from 1966 forward was completed. Measured outcomes included voluntary driving cessation or results of on-road driving evaluation.

The acceptability to older drivers of different types of licensing restriction.

The primary objective of this study was to determine the acceptability of various driving restrictions to older drivers. Licensed drivers aged 65 years or more living in the community in the Ottawa, Ontario area were recruited by means of posters and advertisements in regional and local newspapers. We recruited 86 subjects, 56 men and 30 women with a mean age of 75 years (50 urban and 36 rural residents).

Symmetric deep cerebellar lesions after smoking heroin.

Background: Acute symmetric deep cerebellar lesions suggest toxic exposure.

Objective: To describe a patient with striking neurologic and magnetic resonance image features.

Design: Case report.