Aggregating heart rate variability indices across sleep stage epochs ignores significant variance through the night.

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a widely utilized biomarker of autonomic regulatory functioning, and concomitant health and pathological states. A growing body of work is exploring HRV under sleeping conditions. Most of this literature utilizes either averaged HRV indices calculated from multiple sleep stage epochs, or averaged HRV throughout the night.

Major depressive disorder and insomnia: Exploring a hypothesis of a common neurological basis using waking and sleep-derived heart rate variability.

It remains unclear whether neurobiological dysfunction observed in major depressive disorder (MDD) and insomnia is an expression of common or independent bases. The present investigation sought to explore differences in heart rate variability (HRV)-a widely utilized biomarker of neurobiological functioning-among individuals with MDD, insomnia, and healthy controls, while awake and during distinct sleep stages (REM, N2), with the goal of improving our understanding of shared neurobiological factors in depression and insomnia. Participants were 73 adults who underwent home polysomnography.

Longer-term open-label study of adjunctive riluzole in treatment-resistant depression.

Background: While riluzole has been investigated for the treatment of depression, little is known about its longer-term efficacy and optimal treatment duration in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The objective of this study is to characterize the longer-term outcome of adjunctive riluzole therapy for TRD in an open-label extension of an 8-week acute treatment trial.

Methods: The data from 66 patients with TRD who received adjunctive riluzole in a 12-week open-label extension phase were analyzed.

Intensified extraction of ionized natural products by ion pair centrifugal partition extraction.

The potential of centrifugal partition extraction (CPE) combined with the ion-pair (IP) extraction mode to simultaneously extract and purify natural ionized saponins from licorice is presented in this work. The design of the instrument, a new laboratory-scale Fast Centrifugal Partition Extractor (FCPE300(®)), has evolved from centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) columns, but with less cells of larger volume. Some hydrodynamic characteristics of the FCPE300(®) were highlighted by investigating the retention of the stationary phase under different flow rate conditions and for different biphasic solvent systems.

Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as a sieving matrix for SDS-CE.

The use of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) with a number-average molecular weight (of polymer) of 500,000 g/mol in a sieving matrix for SDS CE size separation of proteins is investigated using polymer solutions with concentrations between 6 and 12% w/v. Optimal separation efficiency is obtained using 10% w/v, with an average separation efficiency of 150,000 (12,000) theoretical plates observed for myoglobin (weight-average molecular weight=18 kDa) and 8,800,000 (2,400,000) theoretical plates for carbonic anhydrase (weight-average molecular weight=30 kDa) for 14 capillaries with an 80 cm effective length. Some adsorbed polymers were found to be effective in reducing EOF when applied to a clean capillary; however, a covalently attached polyacrylamide coating was found to be much less troublesome after initial wall treatment.

Isoflavonoid glycosides from the roots of Baphia bancoensis.

Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of the roots of Baphia bancoensis led to the isolation and characterization of three new isoflavonoid glycosides (1-3). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic studies andchemical evidence. Antibacterial activity of isolated compounds was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Preparative isolation of huperzines A and B from Huperzia serrata by displacement centrifugal partition chromatography.

The pH-zone refining centrifugal partition chromatography technique was used to separate the two acetylcholinesterase inhibitors huperzines A and B from a crude alkaloid extract of the club moss Huperzia serrata. Complete co-elution of huperzines A and B was initially observed with the well-known methyl tert-butyl ether-acetonitrile-water (4:1:5, v/v/v) solvent system with triethylamine (8mM) as the displacer and methane sulfonic acid (6mM) as the retainer. An efficient biphasic system was designed on the basis of solvent association that provided selectivity in the elution mode: n-heptane/ethyl acetate/n-propanol/water (5:15:35:45, v/v/v/v).

Novel seco-dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloid from Cryptocarya oubatchensis.

[structure: see text] A novel seco-dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloid, named oubatchensine 6, and five phenanthroindolizidines (1-5) were isolated from Cryptocarya oubatchensis, and their structures were elucidated. Displacement centrifugal partition chromatography was used to purify compounds 1 and 6. Structure determination of the latter was carried out by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, quantum chemistry, and computer-assisted structure determination.

Lotusine G: a new cyclopeptide alkaloid from Zizyphus lotus.

In addition to six cyclopeptide alkaloids lotusines A-F, a new compound lotusine G, was isolated from the root bark of Zizyphus lotus by centrifugal partition chromatography.

Flow Thermolysis Rearrangements in the Indole Alkaloid Series: Strictamine and Akuammicine Derivatives. The Absolute Configurations of Ngouniensine and epi-Ngouniensine.

Flow thermolysis of strictamine (1) generated two of the predictable rearrangement products, resulting from [1,5]-sigmatropic shifts: akuammicine (2) and indolenine 9. Besides formation of these two compounds, a quite different pathway gave rise to a novel rearrangement leading to indole 6, with the framework of the natural alkaloid ngouniensine (19). Rearrangement to the ngouniensine skeleton became the major pathway when the akuammicine derivatives 10, 12, and 17 were submitted to thermolysis, generating compounds 11, 13 + 15, and 18, respectively.