Trending, Accuracy, and Precision of Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring During Human Hemorrhage and Fixed Crystalloid Bolus.

Automated critical care systems for en route care will rely heavily on noninvasive continuous monitoring. It has been reported that noninvasive assessment of blood hemoglobin via CO-oximetry (SpHb) assessed by spot measurements lacks sufficient accuracy for clinical decision making in trauma patients. However, the precision and utility of trending of continuous hemoglobin have not been evaluated in hemorrhaging humans.