Anatomic measurements of the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries in cadaveric heads using endoscopic sinus instrumentation.

The challenges of endoscopic sinus surgery lie in the complexity of the anatomy of the nasal vault and side walls and the proximity to critical structures. Additionally, operating in a three-dimensional space while relying on a two-dimensional image for surgical navigation can be a disorienting task. Successful sinus surgery relies on the surgeon having a clear understanding of the anatomy and relationships within the operative field.

Antibacterial properties of additives used in injection immunotherapy.

Background: Previous studies have reviewed the safety of preparing and administering allergy injection immunotherapy in a physician's office, and showed no evidence of infectious complications. The current study examines the antimicrobial properties of the common additives used in preparation of multidose immunotherapy vials.

Methods: Vials were prepared with varying concentrations of glycerin (0-25%), phenol (0-0.

Risks of allergy vial contamination: comparison of mixing in-office versus under ventilation hood.

Objective: Compare the risk of bacterial contamination of allergy immunotherapy vials prepared in-office versus those mixed under a ventilation hood.

Study Design: Prospective single-blinded study.

Setting: Tertiary otolaryngology outpatient clinic.

The safety of multi-dose vials in allergy immunotherapy.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the risks of vial contamination after routine clinical use of multiple-dose vials for immunotherapy.

Study Design: Prospective observational study of immunotherapy vial cultures from June 2007 to January 2008.

Setting: Tertiary care outpatient otolaryngology clinic.

Impact of an environmental cleaning intervention on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci on surfaces in intensive care unit rooms.

Objectives: To evaluate the adequacy of discharge room cleaning and the impact of a cleaning intervention on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) on environmental surfaces in intensive care unit (ICU) rooms.

Design: Prospective environmental study.

Setting And Sample: Convenience sample of ICU rooms in an academic hospital.

Allergen vial mixing and immunotherapy: Risks of infections and vial contamination.

Objective: To study the risks of vial contamination and infection associated with immunotherapy vial mixing and injection.

Study Design: Retrospective review of patient immunotherapy records from January 2000-June 2006.

Setting: Tertiary care outpatient otolaryngology clinic.