A Novel Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lung Volume Nomogram Stratified by Estimated Fetal Weight.

Introduction: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lung volume nomograms are increasingly used to prognosticate neonatal outcomes in fetuses with suspected pulmonary hypoplasia. However, pregnancies complicated by fetal anomalies associated with pulmonary hypoplasia may also be complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR). If a small lung volume is suspected in such cases, it is often unclear whether the lungs are "small" because of underlying lung pathology, or small fetal size.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Role of Preoperative MRI in In-breast Tumor Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Surgery.

Background: It is unknown whether the identification of additional tumors in the breast using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) results in a lower risk of in-breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies were performed. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Real-time ultrasound-derived fat fraction in pediatric population: feasibility validation with MR-PDFF.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children. To avoid limitations of liver biopsy and MRI, quantitative ultrasound has become a research focus. Ultrasound-derived fat fraction (UDFF) is based on a combination of backscatter coefficient and attenuation parameter.

Use of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Impact on Pediatric Patients, a White Paper From the ACR Pediatric AI Workgroup.

In this white paper, the ACR Pediatric AI Workgroup of the Commission on Informatics educates the radiology community about the health equity issue of the lack of pediatric artificial intelligence (AI), improves the understanding of relevant pediatric AI issues, and offers solutions to address the inadequacies in pediatric AI development. In short, the design, training, validation, and safe implementation of AI in children require careful and specific approaches that can be distinct from those used for adults. On the eve of widespread use of AI in imaging practice, the group invites the radiology community to align and join Image IntelliGently (www.

Breast Cancer Disparities and Innovations: A Focus on Kosovo.

Due to the current limited capacity to provide digital mammography-based screening to all women, and the lack of modern surgical oncology methods, mastectomy is still the predominant form of surgical treatment in many parts of the world. As such there is little incentive to detect breast cancer earlier and significant fear of treatment and outcomes continues to contribute to late presentations. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pre-operative breast MRI and surgical mapping techniques can combine forces to allow for more women to be treated with breast conservation, decrease fear of treatment and improve outcomes.

Breast-Conserving Surgery Margin Guidance Using Micro-Computed Tomography: Challenges When Imaging Radiodense Resection Specimens.

Background: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is an integral component of early-stage breast cancer treatment, but costly reexcision procedures are common due to the high prevalence of cancer-positive margins on primary resections. A need exists to develop and evaluate improved methods of margin assessment to detect positive margins intraoperatively.

Methods: A prospective trial was conducted through which micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) with radiological interpretation by three independent readers was evaluated for BCS margin assessment.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Child Protective Services Reporting, Substantiation and Placement, With Comparison to Non-CPS Risks and Outcomes: 2005-2019.

We used National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System and Census data to examine Black-White and Hispanic-White disparities in reporting, substantiation, and out-of-home placement both descriptively from 2005-2019 and in multivariate models from 2007-2017. We also tracked contemporaneous social risk (e.g.

Surgical Trainee Perspectives on the Opioid Crisis: The Influence of Explicit and Hidden Curricula.

Objective: In order to effectively create and implement an educational program to improve opioid prescribing practices, it is important to first consider the unique perspectives of residents on the frontlines of the opioid epidemic. We sought to better understand resident perspectives on opioid prescribing, current practices in pain management, and opioid education as a needs assessment for designing future educational interventions.

Design: This is a qualitative study using focus groups of surgical residents at 4 different institutions.

Reasons for Long-term Opioid Prescriptions After Guideline-directed Opioid Prescribing and Excess Opioid Pill Disposal.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and reasons for long-term opioid prescriptions (rxs) after surgery in the setting of guideline-directed prescribing and a high rate of excess opioid disposal.

Background: Although previous studies have demonstrated that 5% to 10% of opioid-naïve patients prescribed opioids after surgery will receive long-term (3-12 months after surgery) opioid rxs, little is known about the reasons why long-term opioids are prescribed.

Methods: We studied 221 opioid-naïve surgical patients enrolled in a previously reported prospective clinical trial which used a patient-centric guideline for discharge opioid prescribing and achieved a high rate of excess opioid disposal.

Perspective: Mandatory Radiology Education for Medical Students.

Radiology education of medical students is increasingly important given the intersection of radiology with virtually all medical specialties and integral role of imaging in modern patient care. Yet radiology education requirements in US medical schools are variable with only a minority of schools requiring a clerkship in radiology. When required, the radiology curriculum is often limited to anatomy courses in the preclinical years or partially incorporated into required core clerkships and often taught by nonradiologists.

A pilot multi-institutional study to evaluate the accuracy of a supine MRI based guidance system, the Breast Cancer Locator™, in patients with palpable breast cancer.

Background: Evaluate whether the Breast Cancer Locator™ (BCL), a novel guidance system based on supine MRI images, can be safely and effectively deployed by several surgeons at multiple sites.

Methods: Patients with palpable breast cancer underwent supine MRI at their local institution. A three dimensional (3D) digital image of the tumor in the breast was derived from supine MRI images and used to generate 1) an interactive 3D virtual image of the tumor in the breast (Visualizer) and 2) a plastic bra-like form that allowed the surgeon to place a central wire and bracketing wires in the breast (BCL).

Therapeutic Value of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Melanoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a standard staging procedure for cutaneous melanoma. Regional disease control is a clinically important therapeutic goal of surgical intervention, including nodal surgery.

Objective: To determine how frequently SLN biopsy without completion lymph node dissection (CLND) results in long-term regional nodal disease control in patients with SLN metastases.

Opioid Dependence and Overdose After Surgery: Rate, Risk Factors, and Reasons.

Objective: To determine: (1) incidence of " opioid never events " ( ONEs ), defined as the development of opioid dependence or overdose in an opioid-naive surgical patient who is prescribed opioids postoperatively and (2) risk factors predicting ONEs.

Background: Patients receiving opioids after surgery are at risk of experiencing life-threatening opioid-related adverse events.

Methods: An electronic medical record review identified surgical patients at an academic medical center between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, followed through March 31, 2020.

Intimate Partner Violence Training and Readiness to Respond among Students, Staff, and Faculty in Three Institutions in the United States.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern; however, limited studies have explored perceptions and experiences towards IPV among students, staff, administrators, and faculty across diverse disciplines at institutions of higher education. The purposes of this study were to (1) assess experiences of IPV among a sample of students, staff/administrators, and faculty and (2) examine the relationship among attitudes, actual and perceived knowledge, awareness, training, readiness, and personal experiences with IPV in this sample. Participants were recruited from an urban university and two university-affiliated medical institutions to participate in an online survey.

Surgery Prescription Opioid Misuse and Diversion in US Adults and Associated Risk Factors.

Introduction: To justify a practice change, it is critical to determine if opioids prescribed after surgery, surgery prescription (Rx) opioids, are in fact associated with opioid misuse and diversion. Currently, there is only limited data to support this assumption.

Methods: We administered a 40-question survey to US adults (18+) who had received a surgery Rx opioid within the last 5 y on Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing worksite.

The impact of shoulder pathology on individuals with distal radius fracture.

Background: Shoulder pathology can occur concurrently with a distal radius fracture (DRF) but few studies have examined this population.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to expand the understanding of the impact of shoulder pathology on individuals with DRF.

Study Design: Mixed Methods Design.