Anatomical Revelations in 1921 Kindled Operative Repair of the Orbit, Eyelids, and Periorbit over the Ensuing 100 Years: The Diuturnity of Ernest Whitnall (1876-1950) of Oxford, Montreal, and Bristol.

Revelations of orbital, intraorbital, and periorbital anatomy by a single author in 1921 kindled attempts at operative repair of the orbit, eyelids, and periorbit over the ensuing 100 years. They are the lasting contributions-the diuturnity-of Samuel Ernest Whitnall (1876-1950) of Oxford, Montreal, and Bristol.

Pedicle Flaps Contribute to Endoscopic Skull-Base Surgery and Facial Soft-Tissue Repair: The Diuturnity of Johannes Fredericus Samuel Esser (1877-1946).

Pedicle flaps based on the maxillary (facial) artery were introduced during the World War I, precisely a century ago. Today they remain effective tools in facial soft-tissue repair. Recently, pedicle flaps based on the maxillary (sphenopalatine) artery have been chosen to reliably close dural defects after endoscopic skull-base surgery.

Percutaneous Tracheostomy and Percutaneous Angiography: The Diuturnity of Sven-Ivar Seldinger of Mora, Pasquale Ciaglia of Utica.

In the latter part of the 20th century, three developments intersected: skin-to-artery catheterization, percutaneous tracheostomy, and market introduction of video-chip camera-tipped endoscopes. By the millennium, every vessel within the body could be visualized radiographically, and percutaneous tracheostomy (with tracheal-ring "dilation," flawless high-resolution intratracheal video-imagery, and tracheal intubation) could consistently be achieved at the patient's bedside. Initiated through the skin and abetted by guide-wire insertion, these procedures are the lasting gifts of Sven-Ivar Seldinger (1921-1998) of Mora, Sweden, and Pasquale Ciaglia (1912-2000) of Utica, New York.

"Phossy Jaw" and "Bis-phossy Jaw" of the 19th and the 21st Centuries: The Diuturnity of John Walker and the Friction Match.

Some 200 years ago, workers developed gingivitis, periodontal disease, alveolar crest bone sequestra, and draining fistulae after exposure to phosphorous fumes and phosphorous paste in the manufacture of the friction match. Many also suffered loss of teeth and pathologic fracture of the mandible. Known as "phossy jaw," the constellation rather abruptly vanished following the International Berne Convention of 1906.

Degloving injuries of the oral cavity change the operative approach to fractures of the anterior segment of the mandible.

No report to date describes the added risk traumatic, degloving injuries of the oral cavity may pose when treating fractures of the mandible. The authors describe the oral degloving injury, characterized by separation of periosteum and soft tissue of the anterior floor of the mouth from the inner cortex of the anterior segment. Vascular anatomy of the floor of the mouth is reviewed as a prelude to a description of pathomechanics of the injury and a case report.

Cranialization in a cohort of 154 consecutive patients with frontal sinus fractures (1987-2007): review and update of a compelling procedure in the selected patient.

Retrospective review of charts of 180 consecutive patients with frontal sinus fractures managed by plastic surgeons at the University of Kentucky between 1987 and 2007 was performed with institutional review board approval. Twenty-six charts did not meet the criteria. The remaining 154 records provided 1-to-20-year follow-up.

Management of jaw injuries in the american civil war: the diuturnity of bean in the South, gunning in the north.

James Baxter Bean published a series of articles in the Southern Dental Examiner in 1862 describing his work with "plaster and its manipulations." This early experience included a new way of managing jaw fractures, with customized splints uniquely based on pretraumatic occlusion. Bean's oral splints and their method of construction, using an articulator, became the standard of care in the Atlanta region during the American Civil War and, by 1864, throughout The Confederacy.

Safety and efficacy of a surgeon-prepared gelatin hemostatic agent compared with FloSeal for hemostasis in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Background And Purpose: Postoperative hemorrhage is a significant risk after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). Hemostatic agents have become increasingly popular as adjuncts to renorrhaphy because of their potential to minimize intracorporeal suturing and lessen warm ischemia time. The objective of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of an inexpensive, surgeon-prepared hemostatic agent with that of a more expensive, commercially prepared one.

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for patients with pathologic T3b renal-cell carcinoma: the Johns Hopkins experience.

Background And Purpose: Surgical therapy for renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) with vascular involvement has traditionally been performed via an open approach. As laparoscopic techniques have improved, more surgeons are attempting laparoscopic nephrectomy for higher stage RCC. The goal of our study was to evaluate the safety and short-tem oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in patients with renal vein involvement.

Triage and management of the injured in world war I: the diuturnity of antoine de page and a belgian colleague.

A system of orderly triage of the injured in World War I and a protocol for early wound management of war injuries were introduced by Antoine De Page in 1914 at the beginning of World War I. The five steps of the De Page protocol (coined by the author as Ordre de Triage) were to be followed in detail by the French and Belgian armies. A younger Belgian colleague, Robert Danis, was recruited to aid in the management of the ambulance corps to transport the injured from dressing ("clearing") stations to centers of more advanced care, away from the Franco-Belgian front.

The search for the ideal fixation of palatal fractures: innovative experience with a mini-locking plate.

Fractures of the palate have defied conventional management, such that malrotation and disinclination of the palatal shelves occur in a significant number of patients after repair. The fractured palatal shelves of eight patients were first prealigned. To do so, one or more 205-mm ratchet clamps and two intermaxillary fixation (IMF) posts were used.

360-degree evaluations of plastic surgery resident accreditation council for graduate medical education competencies: experience using a short form.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has asked training programs to develop methods to evaluate resident performance, using competencies essential for outcomes.

Methods: A two-page form was completed by 12 surgeons and 28 nurses and clinical staff directly involved in plastic surgery patient care (n = 40), evaluating University of Kentucky plastic surgery residents at each level of training (n = 6). There were eight groups of health care professionals among the 40.