Publications by authors named "Richard A Hazelwood"

Article Synopsis
  • Acoustic pollution in aquatic environments negatively affects many organisms, yet the vibratory aspect of sound in substrates has been less studied.
  • Researchers focused on the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, and how it responds to underwater vibrations simulating common human activities.
  • Findings reveal that crabs exhibited increased activity and stress in response to these vibrations, with male crabs showing greater responsiveness than females, although oxygen consumption was not affected.
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This paper reviews the nature of substrate vibration within aquatic environments where seismic interface waves may travel along the surface of the substrate, generating high levels of particle motion. There are, however, few data on the ambient levels of particle motion close to the seabed and within the substrates of lakes and rivers. Nor is there information on the levels and the characteristics of the particle motion generated by anthropogenic sources in and on the substrate, which may have major effects upon fishes and invertebrates, all of which primarily detect particle motion.

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Ground roll waves traveling across the seabed provide extra information, their direction of rotation, compared with plane waves in fluids or solids. Idealized Rayleigh waves are "retrograde" in that their horizontal particle motion opposes the direction of travel of the wave when the interface is raised. A single point measurement near the seabed can determine this rotation.

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