Surviving the stress: Understanding the molecular basis of plant adaptations and uncovering the role of mycorrhizal association in plant abiotic stresses.

Environmental stresses severely impair plant growth, resulting in significant crop yield and quality loss. Among various abiotic factors, salt and drought stresses are one of the major factors that affect the nutrients and water uptake by the plants, hence ultimately various physiological aspects of the plants that compromises crop yield. Continuous efforts have been made to investigate, dissect and improve plant adaptations at the molecular level in response to drought and salinity stresses.

Diversity analysis of endophytes with antimicrobial and antioxidant potential from Viola odorata: an endemic plant species of the Himalayas.

Viola odorata, also known as "Banafshah" in high altitudes of Himalayas, is well known for its pharmaceutical importance in Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal system. The plant is a source of various drugs for its anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, antipyretic, and laxative properties. The endophytes of plants have been reported for their role in modulating various physiological and biological processes of the host plants.

Phylogenetic and Structural Analysis of Bacterial Nitrilases for the Biodegradation of Nitrile Compounds.

Background: Microbial nitrilases play a vital role in the biodegradation of nitrilecontaining pollutants, effluent treatments in chemical and textile industries, and the biosynthesis of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from tryptophan in plants. However, the lack of structural information limits the correlation between its activity and substrate specificity.

Methods: The present study involves the genome mining of bacteria for the distribution and diversity of nitrilases, their phylogenetic analysis and structural characterization for motifs/ domains, followed by interaction with substrates.

Genomics of prokaryotic extremophiles to unfold the mystery of survival in extreme environments.

The organisms surviving in extreme environments deploy system support including self-protection, and energy distribution to counter extreme environmental stresses. The biological adaptations provide clues about the metabolic networks and regulatory circuits involved in their success in survival to extreme environments of these organisms. Besides this, genes and proteins of these extremophiles have gained worldwide attention of researchers, due to their immense biotechnological importance including source of novel enzymes and biomolecules for applications in industrial processes.

Biology and molecular interactions of Parastagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat.

Parastagonospora nodorum is one of the important necrotrophic pathogens of wheat which causes severe economical loss to crop yield. So far, a number of effectors of Parastagonospora nodorum origin and their target interacting genes on the host plant have been characterized. Since targeting effector-sensitive gene carefully can be helpful in breeding for resistance.

Genomic Organization of Streptomyces flavotricini NGL1 and Streptomyces erythrochromogenes HMS4 Reveals Differential Plant Beneficial Attributes and Laccase Production Capabilities.

The genus Streptomyces has been explored in industrial sectors due to its endurance to environmental stresses, the production of a plethora of biomolecules, the biological remediation of soils, and alleviating plant stresses. The whole genome of NGL1 and HMS4 was sequenced due to the specific laccase activity against 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) and differential plant beneficial attributes. The deduced genome of 8.

Genome wide underpinning of antagonistic and plant beneficial attributes of Bacillus sp. SBA12.

The plant beneficial microorganisms in rhizosphere are promising candidates to counter plant biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, Bacillus sp. SBA12 antagonistic to plant pathogenic fungi such as Phytophthora infestans and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was explored.

Molecular imprints of plant beneficial Streptomyces sp. AC30 and AC40 reveal differential capabilities and strategies to counter environmental stresses.

Streptomyces and their biomolecules are well explored for antibiotics production, bioremediation and alleviating the plant stresses due to their plant beneficial attributes. Therefore, due to plethora of biological attributes, the accurate portraying of molecular capabilities of these microorganisms at genomic level is of paramount importance. Here, we have evaluated biochemical attributes of two Streptomyces sp.

Bioprospecting Psychrotrophic Bacteria for Serine-Type Proteases from the Cold Areas of Western Himalayas.

The aim of present study was to analyze the prevalence of protease diversity among psychrotrophic bacteria in Lahaul and Spiti of the Western Himalayas. A total of 459 bacteria were screened and protease activity was observed in 150 isolates at 5 °C. Furthermore, 55 isolates showed protease activity up to pH 10 at 5 °C.

Molecular and biotechnological aspects of secondary metabolites in actinobacteria.

The ability to produce plethora of secondary metabolites and enzymes for pharmaceutical, agricultural and biotechnological applications make actinobacteria one of the most explored microbes among prokaryotes. The secondary metabolites and lytic enzymes of actinobacteria are known for their role in various physiological, cellular and biological processes including environmental sensing, mineral acquisition and recycling, and establishing social communication. In addition, the basic scaffold of secondary metabolties derived from actinobacteria is a source of inspiration for chemists.

Trends in extracellular serine proteases of bacteria as detergent bioadditive: alternate and environmental friendly tool for detergent industry.

Proteases, one of the largest groups of industrial enzymes occupy a major share in detergent industry. To meet the existing demands, proteases with efficient catalytic properties are being explored from bacteria residing in extreme habitats. Alkaline proteases are also considered as promising candidates for industrial sectors due to the activity and stability under alkaline and harsh environment.

Molecular characterization of β-endoglucanase from antagonistic Trichoderma saturnisporum isolate GITX-Panog (C) induced under mycoparasitic conditions.

The endoglucanase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 61 are little studied. In present study, a β-endoglucanase of ~37 kDa induced on autoclaved mycelium of Fusarium oxysporum was cloned and characterized. The molecular characterization of β-endoglucanase encoding gene revealed presence of a single intron and an open reading frame of 1044-bp which encoded a protein of 347 amino acid residues.

Chryseobacterium glaciei sp. nov., isolated from the surface of a glacier in the Indian trans-Himalayas.

A novel bacterial strain, IHBB 10212, of the genus Chryseobacterium was isolated from a glacier near the Kunzum Pass located in the Lahaul-Spiti in the North-Western Himalayas of India. The cells were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-sporulating, single rods, lacked flagella, and formed yellow to orange pigmented colonies. The strain utilized maltose, trehalose, sucrose, gentibiose, glucose, mannose, fructose, mannitol, arabitol and salicin for growth.

Heterologous expression and structure-function relationship of low-temperature and alkaline active protease from Acinetobacter sp. IHB B 5011(MN12).

The gene encoding protease from Acinetobacter sp. IHB B 5011(MN12) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The nucleotide sequence revealed 1323bp ORF encoding 441 amino acids protein with molecular weight 47.

Integrated Translatome and Proteome: Approach for Accurate Portraying of Widespread Multifunctional Aspects of .

Genome-wide studies of transcripts expression help in systematic monitoring of genes and allow targeting of candidate genes for future research. In contrast to relatively stable genomic data, the expression of genes is dynamic and regulated both at time and space level at different level in. The variation in the rate of translation is specific for each protein.

Elucidation of biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma harzianum against different plant fungal pathogens: Universal yet host specific response.

In the present study, different transcripts of Trichoderma harzianum ThHP-3 were evaluated for their response against four fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum capsici, Colletotrichum truncatum and Gloesercospora sorghi using RT-qPCR. The time course study of T. harzianum transcripts related to signal transduction, lytic enzymes, secondary metabolites and various transporters revealed variation in expression against four fungal pathogens.

The relationship between capsular type and OmpA of Pasteurella multocida is associated with the outcome of disease.

The genes encoding OmpA of Pasteurella multocida recovered from diseased and apparently healthy animals have been characterized. The nucleotide sequence revealed ORFs of 1047-1077 bp encoding proteins of 349-360 amino acids. Domain analysis of OmpA showed signal peptide, N-terminal ompA domain and C-terminal ligand binding domain.

Molecular cloning and characterization of ech46 endochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum.

In the present study, endochitinase of T. harzianum isolate-ThHP3 induced against mycelium of F. oxysporum was cloned, sequenced and characterized.

Differential Response of Extracellular Proteases of Trichoderma Harzianum Against Fungal Phytopathogens.

In the present study, production of extracellular proteases by Trichoderma harzianum was evaluated based on the relative gene expression and spectrophotometric assay. The fungal isolates were grown in Czapek Dox Broth medium supplemented with deactivated mycelium of plant fungal pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum capsici, Gloeocercospora sorghi, and Colletotrichum truncatum. The maximum protease activity was detected after 48 h of incubation against Colletotrichum spp.

Cloning, Expression, and Functional Characterization of Serine Protease Aprv2 from Virulent Isolate Dichelobacter nodosus of Indian Origin.

A gene encoding an extracellular protease from Dichelobacter nodosus was characterized and expressed in E. coli rosetta-gami (DE3). The nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an ORF of 1427 bp ecoding 475 amino acids long protein of calculated molecular weight 50.

First draft genome sequence of a member of the genus planomicrobium, isolated from the chandra river, India.

We report the first draft genome sequence of a member of the genus Planomicrobium, isolated from a soil sample from the Chandra River, located in the cold deserts of Himachal Pradesh, India. The draft genome assembly for Planomicrobium glaciei strain CHR43 has a size of 3,900,800 bp with a G+C content of 46.97%.

Purification and Characterization of an Extracellular Low Temperature-Active and Alkaline Stable Peptidase from Psychrotrophic Acinetobacter sp. MN 12 MTCC (10786).

An extracellular low temperature-active alkaline stable peptidase from Acinetobacter sp. MN 12 was purified to homogeneity with a purification fold of 9.8.