[Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis: an atypical case].

Karyomegalic interstitial nephritis (KIN) is a rare disease entity that was first described by Burry in 1974. The prevalence of this disease is less than 1% and its pathogenesis is unclear. KIN is characterized by chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis associated with enlarged tubular epithelial cell nuclei, which leads to progressive decline of renal function.

[Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy: evaluation of different models of biological simulator].

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases. Recently, many studies strongly support the role of renal biopsy for the management of small renal mass. The experience of the operator is crucial in reducing the incidence of major complications.

Lung ultrasound during hemodialysis: the role in the assessment of volume status.

Objective: Fluid balance is important in patients undergoing hemodialysis. "Dry" weight is usually estimated clinically, and also, bioimpedance is considered reliable. Ultrasonography of inferior vena cava (IVC) estimates central venous pressure, and lung ultrasound evaluates extravascular (counting B-lines artifact) lung water.

Molecular biology-based assessment of vitamin E-coated dialyzer effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular remodeling.

Cardiovascular disease represents the most common cause for the excess of morbidity and mortality found in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and has prompted the exploration of multiple approaches to improve outcomes in these patients. Cardiovascular risk factors such as increased oxidative stress (OxSt) and inflammation are found in ESRD patients. A vitamin E-coated dialyzer using polysulfone membranes has been suggested to have positive effects on these factors.

[Herbal remedies: nephrotoxicity and drug interactions].

The first reports of interstitial fibrosis leading to rapidly progressing chronic renal failure (CRF) in young women undergoing slimming treatment appeared at the beginning of the 1990s in Belgium. These slimming pills erroneously contained powdered roots of plants - picked in China - belonging to the Aristolochia instead of Stephania tetranda family. In the following years, after new cases had occurred worldwide, the term aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) came into use.

Dent's disease and prevalence of renal stones in dialysis patients in Northeastern Italy.

Dent's disease (DD) involves nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis, hypercalciuria, LMW proteinuria, and renal failure in various combinations. Males are affected. It is caused by mutations in the chloride channel CLCN5 gene.