Effectiveness of orbital decompression for endocrine orbitopathy and impact on quality of life: A retrospective study.

To evaluate the effectiveness of orbital decompression intervention in terms of variation of the exophthalmos and to highlight its association with changes in quality of life before and after surgery. Medical records of patients with moderate-severe GO who underwent orbital decompression surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical parameters, including demographic characteristics, surgical technique, exophthalmos values, and QoL using the GO-QoL questionnaire were studied before and after orbital decompression and analyzed.

Mandibular Condyle Osteoma.

Background: Osteoma is a benign tumor composed of both cortical and cancellous bones that increase in size with continuous formation of bone. The pathogenesis is unknown. Osteomas can cause symptoms depending on their location and size.

The arrhinias: Proboscis lateralis literature review and surgical update.

Proboscis lateralis (PL) is a rare malformation, reported for the first time in 1861 by Forster in his monograph on congenital malformations of the human body. The abnormal side of the nose is represented by a tube-like rudimentary nasal structure, attached at any point along the embryonic fusion line between the anterior maxilla and the frontonasal processes. As clefts of the lip (and alveolus) are bilateral or unilateral, an arrhinia can be bilateral (total) or unilateral.

Combined Endoscopic and Trans Palpebral Orbital Reconstruction for Silent Sinus Syndrome.

Silent Sinus Syndrome is defined as a painless spontaneous and progressive enophthalmos and hypoglobus with maxillary sinus hypoplasia and orbital floor resorption. It is caused by maxillary sinus atelectasis in a setting of ipsilateral chronic maxillary sinus hypoventilation. The syndrome was first described in 1964 by Montgomery, but the term "Silent Sinus Syndrome" was not coined until 1994 by Soparkar.

The Buccal Fat Pad for Closure of Oroantral Communication.

The buccal fat pad (BFP) is a well-established tool in oral and maxillofacial surgery and its use has proved of value for the closure of oroantral communications. Oroantral communication may be a common complication after sequestrectomy in "bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws."The authors report a clinical case of a 70-year-old female patient in bisphosphonate therapy presented with right maxillary sinusitis and oroantral communication after implants insertion.

Selective augmentation of stem cell populations in structural fat grafts for maxillofacial surgery.

Structural fat grafting utilizes the centrifugation of liposuction aspirates to create a graded density of adipose tissue. This study was performed to qualitatively investigate the effects of centrifugation on stem cells present in adipose tissue. Liposuction aspirates were obtained from healthy donors and either not centrifuged or centrifuged at 1,800 rpm for 3 minutes.

Management of temporomandibular joint reankylosis in syndromic patients corrected with joint prostheses: surgical and rehabilitation protocols.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a severe disorder described as an intracapsular union of the disc-condyle complex to the temporal articular surface with bony fusion. The management of this disability is challenging and rarely based on surgical and rehabilitation protocols. We describe the treatment in two young adults affected by Goldenhar syndrome and Pierre Robin sequence with reankylosis after previous surgical treatments.

Three-dimensional volumetric restoration by structural fat grafting.

The use of adipose tissue transfer for correction of maxillofacial defects was reported for the first time at the end of the 19th century. Structural fat grafting (SFG) was introduced as a way to improve facial esthetics and in recent years has evolved into applications in craniomaxillofacial reconstructive surgery. Several techniques have been proposed for harvesting and grafting the fat.

Cranial bone grafts in forehead reconstruction after resection for benign tumors.

Cranial bone graft was first used in forehead reconstruction by Muller and König as early as 1890. Because cranial bone graft is the ideal material for almost all facial and skull repairs, surgeons have subsequently used this technique to repair skull defects. In fact, membranous bone (calvaria) is superior to endochondral bone (ilium, rib) and maintains its volume to a significantly greater extent than endochondral bone.

Frontal linear scleroderma: long-term result in volumetric restoration of the fronto-orbital area by structural fat grafting.

Frontal linear scleroderma (also known as "en coup de sabre") is a congenital deformity characterized by a linear band of atrophy and a furrow in the skin that occurs in the frontal or frontoparietal area. The authors present a case of a 34-year-old woman with history of en coup de sabre. In different steps, volumetric restoration of the fronto-orbital region has been obtained by structural fat grafting technique.

Contouring of the forehead irregularities (washboard effect) with bone biomaterial.

Calvarial vault defects may be repaired with autologous bone or alloplastic materials, such as methyl methacrylate, hydroxyapatite, titanium, or porous polyethylene. The criterion standard for repairing small cranial defects is autogenous bone from iliac crest or split calvarial grafts. However, autogenous grafts may result in donor-site morbidity, increased operative time, reabsorption, blood loss, and additional time for recovery.

Surgical decompression in endocrine orbitopathy. Visual evoked potential evaluation and effect on the optic nerve.

Endocrine orbitopathy (EO) represents the most frequent and important extrathyroidal stigma of Graves disease. This chronic autoimmune condition involves the orbital contents, including extraocular muscles, periorbital connective-fatty tissue and lacrimal gland. The increase of fat tissue and the enlargement of extraocular muscles within the bony confines of the orbit leads to proptosis, and in the most severe cases optic neuropathy, caused by compression and stretching of the optic nerve.

Endocrine orbitopathy: 11 years retrospective study and review of 102 patients & 196 orbits.

Background: Endocrine Orbitopathy (EO) is the most frequent and important extrathyroidal stigma of Graves' disease. In the active stage of the orbitopathy fibrosis and hypertrophy of the extra-ocular muscles can lead to visual impairment and diplopia. In the stable phase of the disease surgical treatment by orbital expansion and/or orbital decompression can improve the quality of life and it is indicated for morpho-aesthetic and functional reasons.

Patholologic fracture of the mandible after removal of follicular cyst.

Objective: The objective of the study was to report a 61-year-old man who presented a complication after mandibular follicular cyst removal.

Methods: The patient underwent surgery, via intraoral approach: removal of the lesion and the dental follicle with curettage and extraction of the mandibular right third molar. Two weeks after surgery, the patient reported a slight malocclusion.

Structural fat grafting: facial volumetric restoration in complex reconstructive surgery.

Background: The authors overview the application of structural fat grafting (SFG) in the management of volumetric deficit in the maxillofacial area. Structural fat grafting was introduced as a way to improve facial aesthetics and in recent years has evolved into applications in craniomaxillofacial reconstructive surgery.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study population was composed of patients grafted with autologous fat referred to our department from February 2005 to July 2009.

Endocrine orbitopathy (Graves disease): transpalpebral fat decompression in combination with 3-wall bony expansion.

Endocrine orbitopathy (EO) is a chronic, multisystem autoimmune disorder caused by lymphocyte infiltration, edema, and proliferation of endo-orbital connective tissue. These conditions involve the extraocular muscles, intraconal and extraconal fat, and, to a lesser extent, the lacrimal gland.Endocrine orbitopathy may be associated with toxic diffuse goiter and/or pretibial myxedema (Graves disease) and may appear without alterations in thyroid function (euthyroidism).

Parry-Romberg syndrome: volumetric regeneration by structural fat grafting technique.

The use of adipose tissue transfer for correction of maxillo-facial defects was reported for the first time at the end of the 19th century and has since been the subject of numerous studies. Structural Fat Grafting (SFG) differs from other fat grafting techniques in both the harvesting and placement of the fat. The main indications for SFG are for the restoration and rejuvenation of the face.

Early surgical treatment in unilateral coronoid hyperplasia and facial asymmetry.

Unilateral coronoid hyperplasia is a rare condition in the pediatric age. It may be an unrecognized cause of restricted mouth opening in children.The limited jaw movement is due to the enlargement of the coronoid process of the mandible that impinges on the zygomatic arch during mouth opening.

New mini-osteotomy of the infraorbital nerve in bony decompression for endocrine orbitopathy.

Endocrine orbitopathy is a systemic complex disease that involves the orbital contents. The symptoms are exophthalmos and correlated. The surgical techniques used to correct this condition can be fat decompression by the Olivari technique, 3-wall bony decompression, or the combination of these 2 surgical strategies, the ancillary procedure.

Anterior skull base fractures: guidelines for treatment.

Cranial base fractures still represent a challenging issue. A multidisciplinary approach and the contribution of different specialists is mandatory. There is still a controversy regarding the correct approach to these trauma due to the diversity of opinions as well as surgical approaches and timing.

Posttraumatic enophthalmos: etiology, principles of reconstruction, and correction.

Enophthalmos is defined as a backward, and usually downward, displacement of the globe into the bony orbit. In posttraumatic enophthalmos, the mechanisms that determine globe position are: 1) the enlargement of the orbital cavity; 2) the herniation of orbital fat into the maxillary sinus; and 3) fat atrophy, loss of ligament support, and scar contracture. The aim of this article is to analyze the strategies to prevent enophthalmos and to correct late posttraumatic enophthalmos.

Structural fat grafting in complex reconstructive surgery.

The use of adipous tissue transfer for the correction of maxillo-facial defects was reported for the first time at the end of the 19 century and has been the subject of numerous studies. Grafted fat tissue has been used for years as an excellent filler during facial enhancement and recontouring. Several techniques have been proposed for harvesting and grafting the fat.

Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa.

Dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa is an uncommon event. A case report is presented based on a patient (32-year-old female) who sustained a traumatic left condyle fracture with superior dislocation into the middle cranial fossa due to a high-speed car accident. The diagnosis was done four months after trauma.

Treatment of macroglossia in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

A case of macroglossia caused by Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome is reported. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is an overgrowth disorder characterized by a constellation of congenital anomalies. The most common manifestations are omphalocele, macroglossia, gigantism, and visceromegaly.

Palpebral ptosis: clinical classification, differential diagnosis, and surgical guidelines: an overview.

Palpebral ptosis indicates the abnormal drooping of the upper lid, caused by partial or total reduction in levator muscle function. It may be caused by various pathologies, both congenital and acquired. Based on a review of the available literature and on our own clinical experience, a classification is proposed as well as a differential diagnosis between ptosis and pseudoptosis.