Unexpected aflatoxin exposure in a woman in northern Italy: a case report.

Introduction: In well-developed countries scant attention is currently devoted to the risk of unknown exposure to aflatoxins, highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds. Nevertheless, unexpected ingestion of foods contaminated by these toxins can occasionally occur virtually worldwide.

Case Presentation: A 38-year-old woman living in Northern Italy developed unexplained abdominal symptoms after ingestion of aflatoxin-contaminated meat.

Focusing ethical dilemmas of evidence-based practice in SMF-exposed MRI-workers: a qualitative analysis.

Purpose: To analyze ethical dilemmas for occupational health physicians and other stakeholders involved in the implementation of a surveillance program in workers exposed to static magnetic fields (SMF) used in magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: The ethical analysis was carried out according to the model proposed by Westerholm and others, which takes into account two elements: (i) the stakeholders involved in the decision process and (ii) the ethical principles of beneficence, autonomy and justice. The analysis is based on the assessment of ethical costs (violating the consistent principle) and ethical benefits (fulfillment of the consistent principle) for workers, employers, occupational health physicians, community, workers' representatives and medical inspectors.