Use of Streptococcus salivarius K12 to reduce the incidence of pharyngo-tonsillitis and acute otitis media in children: a retrospective analysis in not-recurrent pediatric subjects.

Background: Previous trials, performed in subjects affected by recurrent streptococcal pharyngo-tonsillar infection, have shown that the use for 90 days of Streptococcus salivarius K12 (K12), an oral colonizing probiotic producing lantibiotic bacteriocins, reduces the occurrence of streptococcal and viral pharyngitis and acute otitis media (AOM). The aim was to evaluate the role of K12 in reducing the incidence of streptococcal and viral pharyngo-tonsillitis and AOM when administered in two separate trimesters, from October to December and then from April to June, in pediatric subjects with non-recurrent streptococcal infection.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of pharyngo-tonsillitis and AOM in 133 children by comparing the number of episodes occurring between September 1st, 2014 and August 31st, 2015, when no treatment with K12 was given, with the period between September 1st, 2015 and August 31st, 2016, when K12 was administered.

Upper limb nerve injuries in developmental age.

Our series includes 105 children with peripheral nerve injuries of the upper limb due to trauma. The aim of this study is to validate our therapeutic approach to peripheral nerve injuries of the upper limb in children and to identify the suitable waiting time before surgical exploration. Case series examination included evaluation of (1) type of lesion; (2) topographical site of nerve injury; (3) motor and sensory outcome; (4) recovery time; (5) results after surgery.

Sciatic nerve injection palsy in the child: early microsurgical treatment and long-term results.

Sciatic nerve injury caused by intramuscular injection in the gluteal region in the child seems as a sensory-motor palsy of the lower limb of variable degree. In preterm children or in children with severe perinatal distress, requiring intensive care, a drop foot is often missed or misdiagnosed as a malformative clubfoot or late diagnosed. Intramuscular drug injection (mainly antibiotics) during early infancy is another cause of injury.

Amyand's hernia in a child with permanent neonatal diabetes due to pancreatic agenesis.

Acute or perforated appendicitis within inguinal hernia is rarely encountered and it is known as Amyand's hernia. We report on the first case occurring in a 4-year-old boy affected by permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus due to pancreatic agenesis, an extremely rare condition. The initial suspicion of inguinal hernia was confirmed by ultrasound examination of the right inguinal region which revealed omental layers inside a swollen inguinal canal; this finding and the clinical presentation allowed a prompt and appropriate surgical management.

Lower limb nerve injuries in children.

The aim of this paper is to emphasize the seriousness of pediatric peripheral nerve injuries of lower limbs and to stress the importance of early exploration of the injured nervous trunk in order to reduce the number of unfavorable outcomes. Among 136 traumatic peripheral nerve injuries in the children we treated, 31 nerve injuries of the lower limbs were observed. Causes of injury and time to recovery were evaluated.

Eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in a child with hypospadias.

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) is a distinct variant of renal carcinoma generally affecting adults. We report a case of an unusual CRCC, arising in a male child affected by hypospadias. This case demonstrates that CRCC can occur in the pediatric patients and can be associated with genital tract anomalies such as Wilms tumor.