3-D Evaluation of temporary skeletal anchorage sites in the maxilla.

Background: The selection of temporary anchorage device (TAD) site can be a challenging task since one should not only consider the 2-D distances between roots, but also the entire 3-D space. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the posterior maxillary region areas available for the insertion of temporary anchorage devices in reconstructed images from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material And Methods: Sample consisted of 72 patients with indication for orthodontic treatment, grouped into three distinct age groups: 11 to 14 years (age group 1), 15 to 19 years (age group 2) and aged 20 years or older (age group 3), which were further subdivided as to the type of malocclusion (Angle Class I, II and III).

Three-dimensional analysis of the pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone position after orthognathic surgery.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) and hyoid bone position after orthognathic surgery with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material And Methods: This study was conducted with the tomographic records of 30 patients with skeletal class II or III deformities submitted to two different types of orthognathic surgery: Group 1 (n = 15), maxillary advancement, and mandibular setback; and Group 2 (n = 15), maxillomandibular advancement. CBCT scans were acquired preoperatively (T); and at around 1.

Influence of the presence of Temporomandibular Disorders on postural balance in the elderly.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of the presence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) on postural balance in elderly individuals.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 150 elderly: 103 women (67.7±5.

Tomographic evaluation of the temporomandibular joint in malocclusion subjects: condylar morphology and position.

The aim of this study was to investigate condyle concentricity and morphology, and their association with Class I and II malocclusions (Angle). The sample consisted of 49 individuals of both genders, between 11 and 35 years old, divided into two groups, G1: 26 patients with Class I malocclusion, and G2: 23 patients with Class II malocclusion, selected for orthodontic treatment. Evaluation of the condyle morphology and position was performed by the same previously calibrated examiner using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the subjects.

Dentoalveolar mandibular changes with self-ligating versus conventional bracket systems: A CBCT and dental cast study.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare dentoalveolar changes in mandibular arch, regarding transversal measures and buccal bone thickness, in patients undergoing the initial phase of orthodontic treatment with self-ligating or conventional bracket systems.

Methods: A sample of 25 patients requiring orthodontic treatment was assessed based on the bracket type. Group 1 comprised 13 patients bonded with 0.

Assessment of cephalometric characteristics in the elderly.

This cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the cephalometric characteristics in the elderly, taking into account differences between genders, age ranges, ethnic groups and dental aspects. The sample consisted of 250 elderly subjects of both genders (163 female, mean age: 68 yr.; 87 male: 70.

Can bone thickness and inter-radicular space affect miniscrew placement in posterior mandibular sites?

Purpose: The proper angle of miniscrew insertion is important for cortical anchorage, patient safety, and biomechanical control. The purposes of this study are to report the alveolar process thickness and inter-radicular space in the posterior region of the mandible, to assess the impact of different miniscrew insertion angle protocols, and to identify differences between the genders or types of malocclusion.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 100 individuals were selected for orthodontic treatment at a radiology clinic.

Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the elderly.

Purpose: This study investigated the prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in the elderly and its association with palpation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory and cervical muscles as well as the presence of headache and joint noises.

Methods: The sample consisted of 200 elderly of both genders (mean age: 69.2±5.

Three-dimensional upper-airway assessment in patients with bronchial asthma.

Objective: To assess the upper airway (UAW) total volume (TV), the nasopharyngeal narrowest area (NNA), and the oropharyngeal narrowest area (ONA) in patients with bronchial asthma.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 52 patients divided into two groups: the control group (n  =  26; mean age  =  14.85 years), which consisted of patients not suffering from bronchial asthma; and the asthmatic group (n  =  26; mean age  =  16.

Probable Correlation between Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Vertigo in the Elderly.

Introduction Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) covers a variety of clinical problems, and some epidemiologic studies have tried to indicate mechanisms of interaction and association between vertigo and TMD, but this topic still is controversial. Objective To assess the presence of vertigo in elderly patients associated with TMD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with the inclusion of elderly individuals who lived independently.

Three-dimensional upper-airway assessment in patients with bronchial asthma.

Abstract Objective: To assess the upper airway (UAW) total volume (TV), the nasopharyngeal narrowest area (NNA), and the oropharyngeal narrowest area (ONA) in patients with bronchial asthma. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 52 patients divided into two groups: the control group (n  =  26; mean age  =  14.85 years), which consisted of patients not suffering from bronchial asthma; and the asthmatic group (n  =  26; mean age  =  16.

Early treatment protocol for skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Skeletal Class III malocclusion, with its unpredictable and unfavorable nature, has been characterized by a growth pattern with doubtful prognosis regarding orthodontic mechanics, even when performed early. For a long time, Class III malocclusion was regarded as a synonym of mandibular prognathism, regardless of the affected skeletal structures. Mandibular growth, essentially determined by genetic factors, could barely be controlled by early orthodontic interventions.

Comparison of manual, digital and lateral CBCT cephalometric analyses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of three different methods of cephalometric analysis.

Material And Methods: Conventional pretreatment lateral cephalograms and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from 50 subjects from a radiological clinic were selected in order to test the three methods: manual tracings (MT), digitized lateral cephalograms (DLC), and lateral cephalograms from CBCT (LC-CBCT). The lateral cephalograms were manually analyzed through the Dolphin Imaging 11.

Reliability of a method to conduct upper airway analysis in cone-beam computed tomography.

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of a method to measure the following upper airway dimensions: total volume (TV), the nasopharyngeal narrowest areas (NNA), and the oropharyngeal narrowest areas (ONA). The sample consisted of 60 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, evaluated by two observers twice, using the Dolphin 3D software (Dolphin Imaging & Management solutions, Chatsworth, California, USA), which afforded image reconstruction, and measurement of the aforementioned dimensions. The data was submitted to reliability tests, by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the Bland & Altman agreement tests, with their respective confidence intervals (CI) set at 95%.

Serial extraction: 20 years of follow-up.

This paper reports a case treated by a serial extraction program at the mixed dentition stage followed by a corrective orthodontic treatment, with a long-term follow-up period. Twenty years after the interceptive treatment, a harmonious face was observed along with treatment stability in the anterior posterior direction, deep overbite (which has been mentioned as a disadvantage of the serial extraction program), and a small relapse of anterior tooth crowding. All these conditions have been regarded as normal occurrences for most orthodontic treatments with a long-term follow-up period.

Posterior crossbite--treatment and stability.

Posterior crossbite is defined as an inadequate transversal relationship of maxillary and mandibular teeth. Even when eliminating the etiologic factors, this malocclusion does not have a spontaneous correction, and should be treated with maxillary expansion as early as possible. This treatment aims at providing a better tooth/skeletal relationship, thereby improving masticatory function, and establishing a symmetrical condyle/fossa relationship.

Early treatment of Class III malocclusion: 10-year clinical follow-up.

Angle Class III malocclusion has been a challenge for researchers concerning diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. It has a prevalence of 5% in the Brazilian population, and may have a genetic or environmental etiology. This malocclusion can be classified as dentoalveolar, skeletal or functional, which will determine the prognosis.

The nance lingual arch: an auxiliary device in solving lower anterior crowding.

After exfoliation of the primary incisors and eruption of the permanent incisors, the dentist has the opportunity of observing closely the beginning of occlusal changes. In several cases, alterations, such as lower anterior crowding, can be prevented and treated with proper follow-up. In the mixed dentition, one of the mechanisms for maintaining space and favoring dental alignment is to preserve leeway space before permanent second molar irruption.

Histologic and tomographic analyses of the temporomandibular joint after mandibular advancement surgery: study in minipigs.

Objective: The aim was to elucidate the changes occurring in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after surgical mandibular advancement with different fixation materials: bicortical screws and miniplates.

Study Design: Eighteen minipigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: group I (control), nonoperated animals; group II, animals submitted to surgical advancement surgery and osteosynthesis by bicortical screws; and group III, animals submitted to surgical advancement surgery and osteosynthesis by miniplates. Four months after the surgeries, TMJs were collected and histologically prepared after computerized tomography (CT) scanning for the blind detection of erosion, flattening, and osteophyte.

Histological and molecular temporomandibular joint analyses after mandibular advancement surgery: study in minipigs.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes occurring in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) after surgical mandibular advancement with different fixation techniques: bicortical screws (rigid fixation) and miniplates (semi-rigid fixation).

Study Design: Eighteen minipigs were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups: Group I (control), nonoperated animals; Group II, animals submitted to surgical advancement surgery and osteosynthesis by bicortical screws; and Group III, animals submitted to surgical advancement surgery and osteosynthesis by miniplates. Four months after the surgeries, the presence of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in synovial fluid samples was assessed in ELISA experiments.

Evaluation of bone height and bone density after tooth extraction: an experimental study in minipigs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to radiographically quantify bone density and bone height preservation in tooth extraction alveolus filled with xenograft.

Study Design: The maxillary and mandibular fourth deciduous molars and fourth premolars of 6 minipigs were removed. Randomly, in 3 animals the right side was used as the test side and in the other 3 animals the left side was the test side.

Importance of occlusion aspects in the completion of orthodontic treatment.

The purpose of this study was to address the therapeutic goals regarding the static and functional occlusion in the completion of orthodontic treatment. For such purpose, a study population comprising 20 female treated Class II malocclusion subjects with an initial mean age of 11 years underwent a two-phase treatment (orthopedics and orthodontics). The patients were diagnosed in centric relation and were treated according to the six keys for normal occlusion and functional occlusal parameters (centric relation, vertical dimension, lateral and anterior guidances, occlusal contacts and direction of forces applied on the teeth).

Orthodontic movement in bone defects filled with xenogenic graft: an experimental study in minipigs.

Introduction: In this study, we investigated whether it is possible to orthodontically move a tooth into an adjacent bone defect previously filled with xenogenic grafting material, with emphasis on the reactions of the tooth roots and adjacent tissues.

Methods: Six minipigs were used. In each animal, 4 defects were created at the mesial aspects of the maxillary and mandibular first permanent molars; the defects on the right were filled with the xenograft (test side), and the opposite defects (control side) were filled with blood clots and allowed to heal spontaneously.

Examination of temporomandibular disorders in the orthodontic patient: a clinical guide.

The possible association between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a topic of great interest in the current literature. The true role of orthodontic therapy on the etiology of TMD, however, is still uncertain. From the clinical prospective, a thorough examination of the stomatognathic system is always necessary in order to detect possible TMD signs and symptoms prior to the beginning of the orthodontic therapy.