Intellectual Development in Mexican Preterm Children at Risk of Perinatal Brain Damage: A Longitudinal Study.

Preterm birth accounts for about 10% of births worldwide. Studying risk factors for perinatal brain damage is essential, as findings suggest that almost 20% of disabilities are linked to risks in the early stages of development. This research aimed to study longitudinal changes in intelligence from 6 to 8 years of age in a sample of 39 preterm children with a history of risk of brain damage and a control group of 35 children born at term.

Simultaneous and independent electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging: A multimodal neuroimaging dataset.

We introduce an open access, multimodal neuroimaging dataset comprising simultaneously and independently collected Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data from twenty healthy, young male individuals (mean age = 26 years; SD = 3.8 years). The dataset adheres to the BIDS standard specification and is structured into two components: 1) EEG data recorded outside the Magnetic Resonance (MR) environment, inside the MR scanner without image collection and during simultaneous functional MRI acquisition (EEG-fMRI) and 2) Functional MRI data acquired with and without simultaneous EEG recording and structural MRI data obtained with and without the participants wearing the EEG cap.

Preservation of EEG spectral power features during simultaneous EEG-fMRI.

Introduction: Electroencephalographic (EEG) data quality is severely compromised when recorded inside the magnetic resonance (MR) environment. Here we characterized the impact of the ballistocardiographic (BCG) artifact on resting-state EEG spectral properties and compared the effectiveness of seven common BCG correction methods to preserve EEG spectral features. We also assessed if these methods retained posterior alpha power reactivity to an eyes closure-opening (EC-EO) task and compared the results from EEG-informed fMRI analysis using different BCG correction approaches.

Attentional impairment in Parkinson's disease is modulated by side of onset: Neurophysiological evidence.

Objective: Neurophysiological studies exploring involuntary attention have reported that electroencephalographic (EEG) measures can indicate impaired neural processing from initial stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since involuntary attention is regulated by right hemisphere networks and PD generally initiates its motor symptomatology unilaterally, whether involuntary attention is impaired depending on the onset side of PD remains unknown.

Methods: We compared the neurophysiological correlates of involuntary attention among a PD group with left-side onset (L-PD), a PD group with right-side onset (R-PD) symptomatology, and a healthy control group (HC).

EEG effective connectivity during the first year of life mirrors brain synaptogenesis, myelination, and early right hemisphere predominance.

Introduction: The maturation of electroencephalogram (EEG) effective connectivity in healthy infants during the first year of life is described.

Methods: Participants: A cross-sectional sample of 125 healthy at-term infants, from 0 to 12 months of age, underwent EEG in a state of quiet sleep.

Procedures: The EEG primary currents at the source were described with the sLoreta method.

Two rTMS sessions per week: a practical approach for treating major depressive disorder.

Introduction: Depression is one of the leading causes of disability in the world, and a disease that contributes greatly to the global burden of disease. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has proven to be a well-tolerated, effective treatment for depression. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of an rTMS treatment scheme with a fewer number of sessions per week.

Frontal functional connectivity and disease duration interactively predict cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Cognitive decline does not always follow a predictable course in Parkinson's disease (PD), with some patients remaining stable while others meet criteria for dementia from early stages. Functional connectivity has been proposed as a good correlate of cognitive decline in PD, although it has not been explored whether the association between this connectivity and cognitive ability is influenced by disease duration, which was our objective.

Methods: We included 30 patients with PD and 15 healthy controls (HC).

Improvement in borderline personality disorder symptomatology after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex: preliminary results.

Objective: Current treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) involves psychological and pharmacological interventions. However, neuromodulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may positively affect BPD symptomatology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and neuropsychological effects of rTMS on the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) in BPD patients.

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns.

The present study discusses the characteristics of visual event-related potentials (VEPs) and outlines methodological steps for obtaining reliable measurements in newborns. Obtaining high-quality, reliable VEPs is crucial for the early detection of abnormal development of the central nervous system in at-risk newborns, and for implementing successful early interventions. Recommendations are based on a previous study which showed that when post-conceptional age, polysomnography-identified sleep stages, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) googles as the luminous source are controlled, no more than 4 repetitions of VEP averages are required to obtain replicable recordings, variability decreases, and reliable VEPs can be obtained.

Auditory mismatch detection, distraction, and attentional reorientation (MMN-P3a-RON) in neurological and psychiatric disorders: A review.

Involuntary attention allows for the detection and processing of novel and potentially relevant stimuli that lie outside of cognitive focus. These processes comprise change detection in sensory contexts, automatic orientation toward this change, and the selection of adaptive responses, including reorientation to the original goal in cases when the detected change is not relevant for task demands. These processes have been studied using the Event-Related Potential (ERP) technique and have been associated to the Mismatch Negativity (MMN), the P3a, and the Reorienting Negativity (RON) electrophysiological components, respectively.

Week-by-week changes in sleep EEG in healthy full-term newborns.

Unlabelled: Spectral analysis of neonatal sleep is useful for studying brain maturation; however, most studies have analyzed conventional broad bands described for awake adults, so a distinct approach for EEG analysis may disclose new findings.

Study Objectives: To extract independent EEG broad bands using principal component analysis (PCA) and describe week-by-week EEG changes in quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) during the first 5 weeks of postnatal life in healthy, full-term newborns.

Methods: Polysomnography of spontaneous sleep was recorded in 60 newborns in 5 groups at 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45 weeks (n = 12 each) postconceptional age (POST-C).

Brain oscillations reveal impaired novelty detection from early stages of Parkinson's disease.

The identification of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and progression tracking of neurodegenerative diseases has become an important objective in clinical neuroscience in the last years. The P3a event-related potential, considered as the neurophysiological hallmark of novelty detection, has been shown to be reduced in Parkinson's disease (PD) and proposed as a sensitive measure for illness duration and severity. Our aim for this study was to explore for the first time whether impaired novelty detection could be observed through phase- and time-locked brain oscillatory activity at early PD.

Visual evoked potentials are similar in polysomnographically defined quiet and active sleep in healthy newborns.

Unlabelled: Morphology and late components of evoked potentials change depending on wake-sleep stages in adults. Visual Evoked potentials (VEPs) have been frequently studied in newborns to identify abnormal development of visual pathways; however, large variability has been reported and there is uncertainty as to the effect of sleep stages on VEPs in neonates.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of VEPs in one month old, healthy full-term newborns during active sleep (AS) and quiet sleep (QS), defined by simultaneous polysomnography (PSG).

Stable Sparse Classifiers Identify qEEG Signatures that Predict Learning Disabilities (NOS) Severity.

In this paper, we present a novel methodology to solve the classification problem, based on sparse (data-driven) regressions, combined with techniques for ensuring stability, especially useful for high-dimensional datasets and small samples number. The sensitivity and specificity of the classifiers are assessed by a stable ROC procedure, which uses a non-parametric algorithm for estimating the area under the ROC curve. This method allows assessing the performance of the classification by the ROC technique, when more than two groups are involved in the classification problem, i.

Improving the efficiency of Auditory Brainstem Responses in newborns, using a 60clicks/s stimulation rate.

Recent evidence suggests that Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR), in neonates with risk factors for neurological damage, may show auditory brainstem abnormalities, even in patients with normal hearing. To compare the recording and diagnostic accuracy of neonatal Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR), using 10 and 60clicks/s stimulation rates, two groups of neonates were prospectively studied: 30 healthy full-term neonates, with no peri- or postnatal complications; and 30 high-risk newborns with two or more of the following conditions: hyperbilirubinemia, use of ototoxic drugs, birth weight inferior to 1500g, perinatal sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and/or mechanical ventilation. Correlation between ABR trials, recording duration, and the absolute and interpeak latencies of ABR waves I, III and V, were measured.

Electroencephalographic characterization of subgroups of children with learning disorders.

Electroencephalographic alterations have been reported in subjects with learning disorders, but there is no consensus on what characterizes their electroencephalogram findings. Our objective was to determine if there were subgroups within a group of scholars with not otherwise specified learning disorders and if they had specific electroencephalographic patterns. Eighty-five subjects (31 female, 8-11 years) who scored low in at least two subscales -reading, writing and arithmetic- of the Infant Neuropsychological Evaluation were included.

Clinical improvement in patients with borderline personality disorder after treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: preliminary results.

Objective: Current treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD) consists of psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions. However, the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could be beneficial to improve some BPD symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical improvement in patients with BPD after application of rTMS over the right or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

Longitudinal study of children with perinatal brain damage in whom early neurohabilitation was applied: Preliminary report.

Objective: The neurohabilitation treatment has been shown to be a successful method for decreasing the sequelae of perinatal brain damage (PBD) in Hungarian population. The goal of this pilot trial was to introduce this procedure by describing the results of its application in infants with PBD as demonstrated by clinical, developmental and MRI studies. As this procedure has proved to be useful, according the declaration of Helsinki, no control clinical trial was permitted.

Neurofeedback in Learning Disabled Children: Visual versus Auditory Reinforcement.

Children with learning disabilities (LD) frequently have an EEG characterized by an excess of theta and a deficit of alpha activities. NFB using an auditory stimulus as reinforcer has proven to be a useful tool to treat LD children by positively reinforcing decreases of the theta/alpha ratio. The aim of the present study was to optimize the NFB procedure by comparing the efficacy of visual (with eyes open) versus auditory (with eyes closed) reinforcers.

The P3a wave: A reliable neurophysiological measure of Parkinson's disease duration and severity.

Objective: The P3a is an event-related potential (ERP) associated with involuntary attention and dopaminergic function. As P3a is reduced at initial stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), our objective was to assess P3a as a possible marker of PD duration and severity.

Methods: Fifty-five patients were analyzed, 28 of which were at Hoehn and Yahr severity stage 1; 14 at stage 2; and 13 at stage 3.

[Electroencephalographic and neurodevelopmental disorders in toddlers with severe congenital heart diseases. Preliminary study].

Unlabelled: Within the field of pediatric heart disease, congenital cardiopathology is the most important issue due to the fact that in these patients a delay of neurodevelopment is the most frequent morbidity. The major aim of this work was to determine the impact of severe congenital cardiopathology (SCC) on the central nervous system (CNS) through the study of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and the assessment of neurodevelopment.

Population And Methods: Children under 3 years old, 41 of them presenting SCC and 15 healthy controls (C) were studied.

Epileptic encephalopathy in children with risk factors for brain damage.

In the study of 887 new born infants with prenatal and perinatal risk factors for brain damage, 11 children with West syndrome that progressed into Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and another 4 children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome that had not been preceded by West syndrome were found. In this study we present the main findings of these 15 subjects. In all infants multifactor antecedents were detected.

Neurobehavioral assessment of children presenting diverse congenital cardiopathologies.

Brain maturation in 1-36 month old children suffering from congenital cardiopathologies was assessed after a study of psychomotor development. The Rogers' test (Rogers et al., Developmental programming for infants and young children.