WTP and WWTP sludge management: a case study in the metropolitan area of Campinas, southeastern Brazil.

Disposal of sludges generated at water treatment plants (WTPs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in highly urbanized regions challenges water industry. Legal restrictions based on public health and sustainability push managers forward in order to find beneficial use markets rather than deficit and high-cost landfilling. A GIS-based linear optimization method for sludge management was firstly proposed.

Urban water reuse: microbial pathogens control by direct filtration and ultraviolet disinfection.

Physicochemical treatment efficiency for unrestricted urban water reuse was evaluated at a conventional activated-sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Pilot plant set-up consisted of an alum coagulation step, granular media upflow flocculation and direct downflow dual-media filtration followed by ultraviolet disinfection (dose of 95 mJ cm⁻²). Optimum aluminum sulfate dosage of 10 mg L⁻¹ and coagulation pH 7.