Epidemiology of and impact of insecticide spraying on Chagas disease in communities in the Bolivian Chaco.

Background: Chagas disease control campaigns relying upon residual insecticide spraying have been successful in many Southern American countries. However, in some areas, rapid reinfestation and recrudescence of transmission have occurred.

Methodology/principal Findings: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in the Bolivian Chaco to evaluate prevalence of and risk factors for T.