Influence of orthodontic loading on biomarkers levels around miniscrews.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-13 (IL-13), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and Growth related oncogene (GRO) in the peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (MICF) under orthodontic loading.

Design: The study sample comprised 14 miniscrews immediately loaded and 17 unloaded ones. A load of 200gF was immediately applied to the miniscrews in the loaded group after the placement surgery.

Microbial Ecosystem Analysis in Root Canal Infections Refractory to Endodontic Treatment.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to combine multiple displacement amplification and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the microbiota present in infections refractory to endodontic treatment.

Methods: The subjects of this study were 40 patients presenting with periapical lesions refractory to endodontic treatment. Samples were taken by scraping or filing root canal walls with a #10 K-type hand file.

Peri-implant crevicular fluid biomarkers as discriminants of peri-implant health and disease.

Aim: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the potential of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) analytes to discriminate between peri-implant health and disease using a multi-biomarker approach.

Methods: We collected PICF samples from the mesio-buccal site of every implant (n = 145) from 52 subjects with peri-implantitis and measured the levels of 20 biomarkers using Luminex. We grouped implants and subjects based on the clinical characteristic of the sampled sites and implants into: healthy sites from healthy implants (HH), diseased sites from diseased implants (DD) and healthy sites from diseased implants (HD).

Matrix metalloproteinases -1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -12, and -13 in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement: a longitudinal randomized split-mouth study.

This randomized split-mouth study aimed to examine the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -12, and -13 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at different time points during orthodontic tooth movement. A total of 16 healthy orthodontic subjects (7 females, 9 males; mean age, 17.7 years) who needed their first upper premolars extracted were enrolled.

Effects of calcium hydroxide on cytokine expression in endodontic infections.

Introduction: The use of calcium hydroxide is an effective step in killing bacteria that remain after cleaning and shaping procedures. It also induces hard-tissue formation and is effective for stopping inflammatory exudates.

Methods: The aim of this study was to assay and to compare the influence of calcium hydroxide on periapical interstitial fluid from human root canals.

T-lymphocyte and cytokine expression in human inflammatory periapical lesions.

Introduction: Lymphocytes, among many cells, express different sets of cytokines, chemokines, and receptors, which are considered important mediators of periapical immune response to infection.

Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA expression of CD4(+)CD28(+) and CD8(+) T genes and the gene expression of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17A, IL-10, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4, CCL5, CXCR4, CCR5, and receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) in periapical interstitial fluid from human root canal infections. The samples were collected immediately after root canal cleaning and 7 days later (restrained root canal bacterial load) to characterize those gene expressions.

Effects of periodontal therapy on GCF cytokines in generalized aggressive periodontitis subjects.

Aim: To examine changes in levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines, after periodontal therapy of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five periodontally healthy and 24 GAgP subjects had periodontal clinical parameters measured and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples collected from up to 14 sites/subject. GCF samples were analysed using multiplex bead immunoassay for: GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α.

Matrix metalloproteinases and chemokines in the gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and monocyte chemoattractants are key modulators of the biological mechanisms triggered in the periodontium by mechanical forces. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) provides a non-invasive method to assess longitudinally the release of inflammatory mediators during orthodontic tooth movement. The goal of this study was to examine the GCF levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 and of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and regulated on activation normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) at different time points during orthodontic tooth movement.

Antimicrobial agents used in the control of periodontal biofilms: effective adjuncts to mechanical plaque control?

The control of biofilm accumulation on teeth has been the cornerstone of periodontal disease prevention for decades. However, the widespread prevalence of gingivitis suggests the inefficiency of self-performed mechanical plaque control in preventing gingival inflammation. This is particularly relevant in light of recent evidence suggesting that long standing gingivitis increases the risk of loss of attachment and that prevention of gingival inflammation might reduce the prevalence of mild to moderate periodontitis.

Levels of salivary IgA antibodies to Candida spp. in HIV-infected adult patients: a systematic review.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of published data with the aim of evaluating the levels of IgA antibodies to Candida albicans in HIV-infected adult patients.

Methods: The search strategy was based on PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane and EMBASE databases. Also, the reference lists of included studies were searched.

Associations among the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, oral candidiasis, oral Candida species and salivary immunoglobulin A in HIV-infected children.

Objectives: The aim was to examine the impact of antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral candidiasis, recovery of oral Candida spp. , and salivary levels of total secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and Candida-specific SIgA in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children.

Study Design: Sixty-six HIV+ and 40 HIV- children were cross-sectionally examined for the presence of oral lesions.

Salivary microbiota of HIV-positive children and its correlation with HIV status, oral diseases, and total secretory IgA.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and levels of salivary microorganisms in HIV-positive children, and their correlation to HIV status, oral lesions, and salivary IgA levels.

Design: Forty-two HIV-positive and 36 control children were clinically examined, had their saliva collected and processed for the microbiological analysis of 38 bacterial taxa by the checkerboard method, and salivary IgA quantification by ELISA.

Results: The majority of the species tested were more prevalent in control children than in the HIV group.

Effects of non-surgical mechanical therapy on the subgingival microbiota of Brazilians with untreated chronic periodontitis: 9-month results.

Background: Mechanical periodontal therapy is the most common treatment of periodontal infections. It is directed primarily towards removing biofilm and calculus from the root surfaces, leading to ecological changes in the subgingival environment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the subgingival microbiota of Brazilian subjects with untreated chronic periodontitis over a 9-month period.

Endodontic therapy associated with calcium hydroxide as an intracanal dressing: microbiologic evaluation by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique.

This study evaluated the predominant microbiota of infected necrotic pulps and the effects of calcium hydroxide therapy on these microorganisms by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. Conventional endodontic therapy associated with calcium hydroxide as intracanal dressing was performed in 12 single-rooted teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular bone lesion. Samples were collected from the canal at baseline and 14 days after therapy, and the presence of 44 bacterial species was determined by the checkerboard method.