Monitoring a 28.5 m High Anchored Pile Wall in Gravel Using Various Methods.

Horizontal displacements of a multiple-anchor pile wall in a 28.5 m deep excavation using the top-down construction method have been monitored using optical fiber (Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR)), strain gauges, inclinometers, and a topographic survey. This work presents a comparison between these different techniques to measure horizontal displacements in the pile at several stages of the soil excavation process.