Prevalence of respiratory viruses in children in Northeast Brazil: The scenario before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of nine respiratory viruses and their clinical characteristics in children aged up to 5 years old in the state of Sergipe, Northeast of Brazil in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period.

Methods: Children with suspected influenza virus infection were included in the study. Clinical samples were screened using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of adenovirus, parainfluenza (PIV)1, PIV2, PIV3, and human metapneumovirus.

Genomic analysis of global Plasmodium vivax populations reveals insights into the evolution of drug resistance.

Increasing reports of chloroquine resistance (CQR) in Plasmodium vivax endemic regions have led to several countries, including Indonesia, to adopt dihydroarteminsin-piperaquine instead. However, the molecular drivers of CQR remain unclear. Using a genome-wide approach, we perform a genomic analysis of 1534 P.

Infection Modulates Antimicrobial Peptides and Stress Management Gene Expression in the Invertebrate Biomodel .

is the most pathogenic species, responsible for the Brazilian cat-transmitted sporotrichosis hyperendemic. In this scenario, an investigation of the pathogen-host interaction can provide relevant information for future treatment strategies. To this end, the invertebrate has proven to be a suitable alternative for evaluating the virulence of pathogenic fungi, since the insect immune system is similar to the mammalian innate immune response.

Case Report: Osteomyelitis Due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Two Immunocompetent Patients Requiring Surgical Amputation.

Sporotrichosis is the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America. Sporothrix brasiliensis is the most virulent species, responsible for the majority of human and animal cases in Brazil. Osteomyelitis was described as a potential comorbidity of S.

Polymorphisms in Toll-Like receptors genes and their associations with immunological parameters in Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazil-French Guiana Border.

Background: The innate immune response plays an important role during malaria. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are capable of recognizing pathogen molecules. We aimed to evaluate five polymorphisms in TLR-4, TLR-6, and TLR-9 genes and their association with cytokine levels and clinical parameters in malaria from the Brazil-French Guiana border.

Ethyl acetate fractions of Myrciaria floribunda, Ocotea pulchella, and Ocotea notata exhibit promising in vitro activity against Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates with low susceptibility to itraconazole.

Sporothrix brasiliensis with low susceptibility isolates were described from the Brazilian zoonotic sporotrichosis hyperendemics. The aim of this work was to evaluate distinct fractions of Ocotea pulchella, Ocotea notata, Myrciaria floribunda, and Hypericum brasiliense plant extracts against itraconazole-sensitive and low susceptibility S. brasiliensis isolates.

Myrciaria Genus: Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities.

The Myrtaceae family is of angiosperms, imposing its size and economic, cultural, and scientific importance. The genus Myrciaria, belonging to this family, has 33 species currently accepted, many of which are research targets aimed at elucidating their bioactive compounds and biological activities. Most species of the Myrciaria genus have terpenes in their composition, mainly mono and sesquiterpenes, and phenolic compounds such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids.

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and other inflammatory mediators in malaria by Plasmodium vivax during enteroparasites coinfection.

Malaria is a major health issue with more than 200 million cases occurring annually. Moreover, in Malaria endemic area are frequently observed Malaria-enteroparasite co-infections associated with the modulation of inflammatory response. In this aspect, biomarkers play an important role in the disease prognosis.

Association of toll-like receptors in malaria susceptibility and immunopathogenesis: A meta-analysis.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the induced immune response in malaria. Although the potential roles of TLRs have been described, it is necessary to elucidate which of these receptors may actually have an impact on the immunopathogenesis of the disease. This article performed a meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA statement on TLRs studied in malaria by and and its impact on susceptibility and pathogenesis during malaria.

Association between vitamin D serum levels and clinical, laboratory, and parasitological parameters in patients with malaria from an endemic area of the Amazon.

Background: Some studies have suggested the importance of vitamin D [25(OH)D] in malaria clinical practice. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in the Amazon population is not well known, and there are few studies in patients with malaria. This study aimed to evaluate 25(OH)D serum levels in patients with malaria and determine their relationships with epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and parasitemia data.

Synthetic Derivatives against Wild-Type and Non-Wild-Type : In Vitro and In Silico Analyses.

Recently, the well-known geographically wide distribution of sporotrichosis in Brazil, combined with the difficulties of effective domestic feline treatment, has emphasized the pressing need for new therapeutic alternatives. This work considers a range of synthetic derivatives as potential antifungals against isolated from cats from the hyperendemic Brazilian region. Six isolates from the sporotrichotic lesions of itraconazole responsive or non-responsive domestic cats were studied.

2D6 Allele Frequency in Five Malaria Vivax Endemic Areas From Brazilian Amazon Region.

Genetic variability was linked with individual responses to treatment and susceptibility to malaria by . Polymorphisms in the 2D6 gene may modulate enzyme level and activity, thereby affecting individual responses to pharmacological treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not 2D6 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1065852, rs38920-97, rs16947 and rs28371725 are unequally distributed in malaria by individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region.

Study of and Gene Polymorphism in Individuals from the Leprosy-Endemic Area in the Brazilian Amazon.

This study aimed at verifying the relationship between the polymorphisms of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -308 G → A (rs1800629); interferon gamma (IFN-γ) +874 T → A (rs2430561); transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) códon 10 (rs1982073) and códon 25 (rs1800471); interleukin (IL)-6 - 174 G → C (rs180079) and IL-10 - 1082 A→T (rs1800896); -819 C → T (rs1800871); -592 A→C (rs1800872); and leprosy. Blood samples were analyzed from 106 individuals, of whom 24 were paucibacillary (PB), 28 were multibacillary (MB), and 54 were patient contacts. Analysis of cytokine polymorphisms was typified by the polymerase chain reaction technique.

Peptidogalactomannan from Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cell wall: role of the chemical structure in recognition and activation by peritoneal macrophages.

Histoplasma capsulatum is the causative agent of histoplasmosis, a systemic disease responsible for most reported causes of morbidity and mortality among immunosuppressed individuals. Peptidogalactomannan (pGM) was purified from the yeast cell wall of H. capsulatum isolated from bats, and its structure and involvement in modulating the host immune response were evaluated.

Promising application of the SsCBF ELISA test to monitor the therapeutic response of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis from Brazilian epidemics.

Sporotrichosis zoonotic transmission by cats has obtained hyperendemic magnitude in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Atypical cases, relapses, and reinfections as well as reduced diagnostic sensitivity of conventional methods have been reported. Previously, the anti-SsCBF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was shown to be useful as a diagnostic tool for human sporotrichosis.

Polymorphism in the IL-1β promoter is associated with IgG antibody response to circumsporozoite protein repeats of Plasmodium vivax.

Background: It is well established that infection by Plasmodium vivax is a result of host-parasite interactions. In the present study, association with the IL1/IL2 cytokine profiles, anticircumsporozoite protein antibody levels and parasitic loads was evaluated in individuals naturally infected with P. vivax in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon.

Plasmodium vivax AMA1: Implications of distinct haplotypes for immune response.

In Brazil, Plasmodium vivax infection accounts for around 80% of malaria cases. This infection has a substantial impact on the productivity of the local population as the course of the disease is usually prolonged and the development of acquired immunity in endemic areas takes several years. The recent emergence of drug-resistant strains has intensified research on alternative control methods such as vaccines.

Impact of a twelve-year rotavirus vaccine program on acute diarrhea mortality and hospitalization in Brazil: 2006-2018.

Background: Monitoring the impact of vaccine programs is necessary to identify changes in vaccine efficacy. We report the impact of the 12-year rotavirus vaccine program on diarrhea mortality and hospitalizations and their correlation to socioeconomic indicators.

Methods: this ecological study describes diarrhea hospitalizations and deaths from 2006 to 2018 in Brazil and correlates rotavirus vaccine coverage, hospitalizations and deaths to socioeconomic indicators and social vulnerability index (SVI) by state and region.

Coinfection of domestic felines by distinct Sporothrix brasiliensis in the Brazilian sporotrichosis hyperendemic area.

Microbial interactions may impact patient's diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Sporotrichosis is a hyperendemic neglected zoonosis in Brazil, caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. Four pairs of clinical isolates of Sporothrix were recovered from four diseased cats (CIM01-CIM04, two isolates per animal) raising the possibility of coinfection in a sporotrichosis hyperendemic area, Brazil.

Chloroquine and mefloquine resistance profiles are not related to the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) VK210 subtypes in field isolates of Plasmodium vivax from Manaus, Brazilian Amazon.

Background: The central repetitive region (CRR) of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) is composed of a repetitive sequence that is characterised by three variants: VK210, VK247 and P. vivax-like. The most important challenge in the treatment of P.

Plasmodium vivax ookinete surface protein (Pvs25) is highly conserved among field isolates from five different regions of the Brazilian Amazon.

The Plasmodium vivax Ookinete Surface Protein (Pvs25) is one of the leading malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine candidates based on its high immunogenicity in animal models, transmission-blocking activity of antibodies elicited in clinical trials and high conservation among P. vivax isolates from endemic areas. However, the polymorphism in gene encoding Pvs25 in endemic areas from South America has been poorly studied so far.

Plasmodium falciparum malarial parasites from Brazil lack artemisinin resistance-associated mutations in the kelch13 gene.

Introduction: Mutations in the propeller domain of the Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 (k13) gene are associated with artemisinin resistance.

Methods: We developed a PCR protocol to sequence the pfk13 gene and determined its sequence in a batch of 50 samples collected from 2003 to 2016 in Brazil.

Results: We identified 1 K189T substitution located outside the propeller domain of the PfK13 protein in 36% of samples.