Lung cancer screening in Brazil: recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery, Brazilian Thoracic Association, and Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging.

Although lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common and lethal tumors, only 15% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage. Smoking is still responsible for more than 85% of cases. Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose CT (LDCT) reduces LC-related mortality by 20%, and that reduction reaches 38% when LCS by LDCT is combined with smoking cessation.

Poly (L-Lactic Acid) Cell-Laden Scaffolds Applied on Swine Model of Tracheal Fistula.

Introduction: Tracheal fistula (TF) treatments may involve temporary orthosis and further ablative procedures, which can lead to infection. Thus, TF requires other therapy alternatives development. The hypothesis of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of a tissue-engineered alternative for small TF in a preclinical model.

Association of an expanded inflammatory mediators response with clinical and laboratory data in the postoperative period of pulmonary resection: a prospective clinical study.

Introduction: patients undergoing pulmonary resection may experience local or remote complications in the postoperative period due to the inflammatory response, which increases the length of hospital stay and costs. This study objective was to establish an expanded interleukins profile, identifying the main actors in the postoperative inflammatory response, and to correlate them with clinical and laboratory data of patients submitted to pulmonary resection.

Methods: this was a prospective, interventional, longitudinal study of 27 cases of pulmonary resection performed at HC-UNICAMP, in which we analyzed serum levels of IL 1 α, IL 1 β, IL 1 ra, IL 2, IL 13, IL 6, IL 8, IL 10, IL 12 (p40), IL 12 (p70), IL 17a, TNF α, TNF β, IFN γ, TGF β, MIP 1α, MIP 1β, MCP 1, MCP 3, VEGF, and clinical data before, during, and after surgery.

Relationship between anxiety, depression and quality of life with the intensity of reflex sweating after thoracoscopic sympathectomy for treatment of primary hyperhidrosis.

Objective:: to compare the intensity of reflex sweating with the degree of anxiety and its interference in the quality of life of patients undergoing Thoracoscopic (VATS) sympathectomy in the pre- and postoperative period.

Methods:: we evaluated 54 patients with a mean age of 26 years (16-49 years) undergoing sympathectomy in the R3-R4 level. We applied two questionnaires at three different times: "Quality of life in patients with primary hyperhidrosis" and "Scale for anxiety and depression".

Descriptive analysis of and overall survival after surgical treatment of lung metastases.

Objective: To describe demographic characteristics, surgical results, postoperative complications, and overall survival rates in surgically treated patients with lung metastases.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 119 patients who underwent a total of 154 lung metastasis resections between 1997 and 2011.

Results: Among the 119 patients, 68 (57.

Simvastatin attenuates neutrophil recruitment in one-lung ventilation model in rats.

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in rats undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) followed by lung re-expansion.

Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were submitted to 1-h OLV followed by 1-h lung re-expansion. Treated group received simvastatin (40 mg/kg for 21 days) previous to OLV protocol.

Characterization of pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses produced by lung re-expansion after one-lung ventilation.

Objectives: To characterize the pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses of rats undergoing 1-hour or 3-hour one-lung ventilation (OLV) with subsequent 1-hour lung re-expansion.

Design: A prospective, randomized, controlled animal experiment.

Setting: University laboratory.

Standardization of a method of prolonged thoracic surgery and mechanical ventilation in rats to evaluate local and systemic inflammation.

Purpose: To evaluate the immediate pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response after a long-term operative period.

Methods: Wistar rats in the experimental group were anaesthetized and submitted to tracheostomy, thoracotomy and remained on mechanical ventilation during three hours. Control animals were not submitted to the operative protocol.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea mimicking asthma.

In cases of recent asthma in which clinical control with the usual treatment (corticosteroids and bronchodilator) is unsatisfactory, it is important to consider other diagnoses, such as congestive heart failure, gastroesophageal reflux or other forms of airway obstruction. We report the case of a female patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea mimicking asthma. The patient presented cough and wheezing, as well as abnormal spirometry results with an obstructive pattern that was responsive to bronchodilators.

[Negative-pressure pulmonary edema and hemorrhage associated with upper airway obstruction].

Negative-pressure pulmonary edema accompanied by hemorrhage as a manifestation of upper airway obstruction is an uncommon problem that is potentially life-threatening. The principal pathophysiological mechanism involved is the generation of markedly negative intrathoracic pressure, which leads to an increase in pulmonary vascular volume and pulmonary capillary transmural pressure, creating a risk of disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane. We report the case of an adult male with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage following acute upper airway obstruction caused by the formation of a cervical and mediastinal abscess resulting from the insertion of a metallic tracheal stent.

Influence of physical preconditioning on the responsiveness of rat pulmonary artery after pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of physical preconditioning in the responsiveness of rat pulmonary rings submitted to lung ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Sedentary sham-operated (SD/SHAM); sedentary submitted to ischemia/reperfusion (SD/IR) and trained submitted to ischemia/reperfusion (TR/IR) animals. Exercise training consisted in sessions of 60 min/day running sessions, 5 days/week for 8 weeks.